乡话古全浊声母今读的类型和层次

On the Types and Strata of Present Pronunciations of MC Voiced Initials in Xianghua Dialects

乡话古全浊声母今读有保留浊音、清化后送气、清化后不送气三种类型。本文列举古全浊塞音、塞擦音声母字在乡话中的读音,认为乡话古全浊声母在清化过程中具有不同的速度和次序,其中平声今读阳平调的浊音和仄声字读浊音应是古音的保留,是较早的层次(平声今读其他声调的浊音是外来影响的结果);浊音清化是稍晚的层次,而且仄声先清化,清化后今读塞音塞擦音时送气者早于不送气者;平声最后清化,清化后今读塞音塞擦音时不送气者早于送气者。

Three types of present pronunciations of MC voiced initials are recognized in Xianghua dialects, the preserved voiced initials, devoiced and aspirational initials, and devoiced and non-aspirational initials. The paper lists the present pronunciations of MC voiced plosives and affricates in Xianghua dialects and argues that they have undergone differing pace and sequence of devoicing. The characters with MC ping tone pronounced as Yangping tone with voiced initials and those with MC shang, qu and ru tones pronounced as voiced initials belong to the earlier strata. The devoicing of MC voiced initials is a later stratum in which those with MC ping tone were devoieed later than those with other tones and those pronounced as aspirated plosives or affricates devoiced earlier than the non-aspirational ones. Characters with MC ping tone are the last to have been devoiced, and those pronounced as non-aspirational plosives and affricates devoiced earlier than the aspirational ones.