草原补奖政策实施前后南疆牧民生活生产方式变化研究

Production and life changes for herdsman after the grassland subsidy policy implementation

为研究草原补奖政策实施效果,利用柯克亚乡、哈拉峻乡、尼雅乡等3个样本乡的牧户调查数据,采用模糊综合评价法,对政策实施前后牧户生活生产方式变化进行分析。结果表明:草原补奖政策不仅提高了牧民的畜牧业收入,而且促进了传统畜牧业生产方式的转变。然而,南疆畜牧业尚处于转型过渡阶段,现代科学养殖技术投入不足、牧区富余劳动力转移难度大、牧民定居点配套基础设施滞后是当前牧区面临的三大问题。基于以上结论,提出以下建议:一是继续实施草原补奖政策,稳步推进畜牧业转型;二是加强对牧民的技能培训和就业指导,普及科学养殖技术,并引导富余劳动力转移;三是继续完善牧区配套基础设施建设,提高公共服务水平。

In order to well know the implementation effect of grassland subsidy policy, we analyzed the change of production and life for herdsman after the policy was implemented with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, based on the household survey in Ke Keya township, Halajun township and Niya township. The results showed that the grassland subsidy policy could not only improve their incomes but also be helpful for improving traditional stockbreeding product mode. Howevers stockbreeding in south Xinjiang was still at transition stage, it faced three problems including insufficient investment in modern scientific farming techniques, rather difficult to transfer the surplus labors in pastoral areas and the supporting infrastructure of herdsmen settlements still lag behind. Some suggestions were as follows： first, grassland subsidy policy should be continuous implemented to improve stockbreeding; second, the government should put much more attention on skill and obtain employment training for herdsman to transfer surplus labors in pastoral areas; third, the government should keep on improving the related matching infrastructures in pastoral areas to improve the ability of public servce.