基于网格GIS的喀斯特石漠化治理过程中生态系统健康变化诊断——以贵州花江示范区为例

Diagnosis of ecosystem health change in governing karst rocky desertification based on gridding GIS:A case in Huajiang demonstration area,Guizhou

喀斯特石漠化地区生态系统健康是生态建设和石漠化综合治理的目标,以贵州省花江石漠化综合治理示范区为例,运用遥感影像解译方法,结合社会调查与水文气象监测数据,从生态环境支撑系统、资源环境支撑系统和社会经济支撑系统三个方面,构建石漠化治理过程中生态系统健康变化诊断指标体系,在格网GIS技术支持下,对各诊断指标实现5m×5m尺度的网格化表达,运用栅格数据的空间叠加方法实现生态系统健康模型诊断,揭示石漠化治理过程中生态系统健康的时间动态与空间格局。结果表明:(1)花江示范区生态系统很健康的区域不存在;(2)近十年来,花江示范区生态系统健康整体状况有所改善,石漠化综合治理取得一定成效,但整体上仍然以不健康和亚健康的区域为主,占区域总面积78.68%;(3)空间上呈现出区域差异的特点,示范区东北部海拔大于1 000m的峰丛陡坡上生态系统健康状况较差,峰丛洼地区生态系统健康状况则相对较好。

Ecosystem health is the goal of ecological construction and comprehensive treatment of rocky de-sertification.Taking the demonstration area of rock desertification integrated management in Huajiang of Guizhou Province as an example,this work uses interpretation of remote sensing images,combining social investigation with hydrological and meteorological monitoring data,to establish a set of indicator frameworks for ecosystem health in such three aspects as the support system of natural resources,the support system of environment and the support system of society and economy.With support of the gridding GIS technology, this study gives each index in the diagnosis system the spatial expression of a 5 mx5 m grid scale.Subse-quently,using the spatial overlaying technology based on grid data,we reveal the temporal dynamics and spatial pattern of ecosystem health huring the karst rocky desertification integrated management.The re-search results show that no area of good health exists in the Huajiang demonstration area.In the past 10 years,although the ecosystem health has been improved to some extent overall,most of the land remains unhealthy or sub-healthy,which accounts for 78.68% of total area.Regional differences appear in spatial distribution.The ecological system of peak cluster-depression is more healthy than the peak cluster steep slope,which is located in the northeast of the Huajiang demonstration area （higher than 1000 m above sea level）.