如何保证政策性银行的政策性取向——德国复兴信贷银行的经验及对我国的启示

How to Guarantee Policy Banks of Focusing on Policy Oriented Business——The Experience of KFW and Its Enlightenment

如何保证我国三家政策性银行在新一轮改革中坚持政策性和开发性业务定位?德国复兴性信贷银行的经验可为我们提供有益借鉴。其主要做法有:(1)监事会由相关联邦政府部门的部长、国会任命的成员和相关银行机构代表组成,并且监事会对银行执行委员会形成有力监督;(2)银行内设立了独立性较强的中小企业建议理事会,负责对德国复兴信贷银行的中小企业融资进行指导;(3)用法律形式明确规定了德国复兴信贷银行可以从事的贷款业务种类,降低了其大量开展商业性业务的可能;(4)为了避免同商业银行竞争,规定德国复兴信贷银行必须通过商业银行开展业务;(5)通过设立独立子公司,实现政策性业务和商业性业务彻底分离。

How to ensure three policy banks adhering to the direction of policy business is a problem to be re- solved in current reform. KFW can provide useful experience for China＇s policy banks reform. The practices of KiW are as following： 1. Supervisors are composed of the Ministers of federal govemment, members appointed by Congress and delegate of the banks. The beard of supervisors exerts strong supervision on bank executive board. 2. A SME Advisory Council is established in KFW with strong independence , which give guidance on KfW＇ s financing to SMEs. 3. Making clear KFW＇s function with legal form, greatly reducing its possibility of conducting commercial business. 4. It is specified that the credit of KFW must be carried out through commer- cial banks. 5. Through establishing of an independent subsidiary, KFW＇s policy operation and commercial op- eration are separated completely.