离子液体体系电解铝技术的研究与应用进展

Advances in Research and Application of Aluminium Electrolysis in Ionic Liquid Systems

指出了传统高温电解铝工艺存在的严重问题,在此基础上总结了新型低温熔盐-离子液体的结构和性质,重点综述了近年来离子液体低温电解铝技术的特点、基础研究与应用进展.通过系统分析表明,离子液体法的反应温度可降至100℃以下乃至室温附近,反应能耗一般低于10 k W?h/kg,同时也减少了CO2,CO和氟化氢等有害物质的排放.以铝为阳极时,该技术还能应用于低温铝精炼、铝合金与纳米铝的制备,不仅提高了反应效率和产物纯度,也扩展了铝产品种类和研究领域.这主要归功于离子液体良好的物理化学性能和较强的结构可调性.未来应进一步加深对体系构效关系的认识,建立电极反应的调控机制,实现技术的集成放大.

The inherent problems of traditional high-temperature electrolytic process for aluminium production are pointed out. On this basis, the structure and properties of ionic liquids as novel low-temperature molten salts are summarized. The typical features, recent research and application progress in low-temperature electrolysis of aluminium from ionic liquids are reviewed systematically. The reaction temperature of aluminium electrolysis in ionic liquids drops to below 100 ℃, even near room temperature. The energy consumption is generally lower than 10 kW·h/kg. Meanwhile, the release of waste products, such as CO2, CO and HF, is notably reduced. When aluminium is used as soluble anode, this technology can also be used in aluminium refining, preparation of relative alloys and nano-crystalline powder. It not only increases the current efficiency and purity of products, but also expands the categories of production and research fields in aluminium industry. Future work should gain deep insight into the relationship between molecular structure and physicochemical properties of ionic liquids. And it is necessary to establish regulation mechanism of electrochemical reaction and accomplish the scale-up of technology.