日本FTA进程落后于韩国的原因探析——基于农业保护的政治经济学视角

Why Japan's Progress of Promoting FTA Is Far behind That of S.Korea:An Analysis from the Perspective of Political Economics of Agriculture Protection

日本和韩国推进贸易自由化之际,都面临着相同的绊脚石——农业开放问题。实践表明,日本的FTA进程落后于韩国。基于农业保护的政治经济学分析方法的研究认为,日本的出口依存度低于韩国且没有韩国式FTA农业补救措施导致其推进FTA的边际收益低于韩国;另一方面,日本农民选票的重要性、农民组织集体行动的有效性以及代表农民利益的议员的影响力明显高于韩国,而推进FTA的行政效率和农产品关税水平显著低于韩国,这些因素导致日本推进FTA的边际成本远高于韩国。"日韩的FTA政策最优政治均衡点比较"模型显示,日本和韩国推进FTA的边际收益曲线和边际成本曲线的位置不同,日本的FTA政策最优均衡点位于韩国的左侧,即FTA进程比韩国慢、农业开放程度比韩国低。

Japan and S. Korea are faced with the similar obstacle in the process of promoting trade liberalization, which is referred to the opening of agriculture. The practice in recent years shows that Japanese progress of promoting FTA is far behind that of S. Korea. Based on the comparison of the optimal political equilibrium of FTA policy between Japan and S. Korea, it can be discovered that Japan has a lower dependence on foreign trade than S. Korea, and Japan does not have the agricultural remedial measures like S. Korea does, which means that Japan has a lower marginal benefit than S. Korea does. Besides, in Japan farmers have more voting power and political influence, which means the more effective collective action of farmers＇ organization and more powerful congressmen represent the benefit of farmers, leading to a higher marginal cost in the process of promoting FTA. Therefore, Japan and S. Korea have different marginal benefit curves and marginal cost curves for promoting FTA, with the equilibrium point of Japan is on the left side of that of S. Korea. This explained why Japan is much inactive on the process towards FTA, and has a less opening agricultural market.