波兰1944年华沙起义评析——兼论苏联在华沙起义中的影响力

Analysis on 1944 Warsaw Uprising in Poland——With Comments on the Influence of the Soviet Union in Warsaw Uprising

1944年华沙起义是波兰人民争取民族独立的一场反法西斯斗争。起义的发生除了国际方面的有利因素外,还有波兰自身深刻的政治和意识形态方面的原因。起义既是波兰国内政治斗争的产物,也是波兰流亡政府长期战略准备的结果。起义由地下政府发动,在指导思想上坚持贯彻波兰传统的"两个敌人"原则,导致了起义有双重的政治目标,即"在军事上反希特勒,在政治上反对苏联"。由于战时特殊的环境以及流亡政府内部的纷争,使得起义计划明显带有理想主义色彩,忽视了在地缘政治下苏联对波兰的影响力,最终导致起义走向失败。

1944 Warsaw Uprising is an anti-fascist struggle launched by the Poles to fight for their national independence. In addition to the favorable factors on the international front, the Uprising also happened because of the profound political and ideological factors in Poland. The Uprising is both the product of Poland＇s domestic political struggle and the outcome of long-term strategic preparation by the Polish exiled govemment. The Uprising was initiated by the underground government in the traditional Polish principle of ＂Two Enemies＂. As a result, the Uprising acquired double political goals, i.e. ＂combating Hitler militarily and opposing the Soviet Union politically.＂ The special wartime circumstance and the disputes within the exiled government made the Uprising take on a conspicuous sense of idealism, overlooking the Soviet＇s geopolitical influence on Poland. Such ignorance ultimately led to the failure of the Uprising.