不同代乳品及饲喂方式对荷斯坦奶公犊生产犊牛白肉影响的研究

Study on Production of White Veal with Holstein Bull Calves Fed on Different Milk Replacer and Feeding Methods

为研究代乳粉（主要含乳类制品）液态饲喂和代乳料（主要含植物类饲料等）干喂对荷斯坦奶公犊生产犊牛白肉的影响,试验选用20头健康无病、体重和出生日期相近的荷斯坦奶公犊,随机分为2组,每组10头,进行了120d的生长育肥试验。Ⅰ组饲喂市售的代乳粉（粗蛋白质22%,粗脂肪16%）;Ⅱ组饲喂配制的代乳料（粗蛋白质22%,消化能16 MJ/kg）。结果表明：1Ⅱ组犊牛0~90d平均日增重高于Ⅰ组犊牛,91~120d平均日增重显著低于Ⅰ组犊牛（P〈0.05）,但两组犊牛0~120d平均日增重和试验末重均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。2不同代乳品及饲喂方式对奶公犊营养物质表观消化率均无显著影响（P〉0.05）。3Ⅰ组犊牛的胴体重、屠宰率和眼肌面积均显著高于Ⅱ组犊牛（P〈0.05）,分别比Ⅱ组高11.88%、11.04%和8.12%,但两组间的胴体产肉率无显著差异（P〉0.05）;两组犊牛背最长肌的pH、剪切力、蒸煮损失和肉色均无显著差异（P〉0.05）,但Ⅰ组犊牛的失水率比Ⅱ组犊牛高20.83%（P〈0.01）;Ⅰ组犊牛背最长肌中粗脂肪含量极显著高于Ⅱ组犊牛（P〈0.01）,但两组犊牛背最长肌中水分、粗蛋白质、粗灰分、钙、磷和铁的含量均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。4Ⅱ组犊牛的饲养成本比Ⅰ组降低45.38%。综上所述,饲喂代乳料的犊牛可获得与饲喂代乳粉犊牛相似的生长性能和肉品质,显著降低饲养成本。

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of production of white veal with Holstein bull calves fed on the liquid milk replacer （containing mainly dairy products） feed- ing and the dry milk replacer （containing mainly plant diet, etc）feeding. 20 healthy male calves with similar birth date and body weight were selected, and randomly divided into two groups （10 calves per group） ,for a period of 120 d white beef production fattening test. Group I fed with milk replacer （commercial,22 % CP, 16 EE）, group Ⅱ fed with milk replacer （formulated, 22% CP,16 MJ/kg DE）. The results showed as follows： 0 to 90 d ADG of group I1 were higher than group I ,91 to 120 d ADG of group 11 were significantly lower than group I （P〈0.05） ,but there were no significant differences in 0 to 120 d ADG and 120 d weight between two groups （P〉0.05）. There were no significant differences in the nutrient apparent digestibility of Hol-stein bull calves with different milk replacer and feeding methods （P〈0.05）. Carcass weight, dressing percentage and eye muscle area of group I calves were significantly higher than those of group Ⅱ （P〈0.05）,increased by 11.88%,11.04% and 8.12%,respectively,but there was no significant difference in carcass meat production rate between two groups （P〉0.05）. There was no significant differences in pH, shear force, cooking lose and meat color of longissimus between two groups （P〉0. 05） ,but compared with group Ⅱ ,the water lose rate of group I increased by 20.83% （P〈0.01）. The content of EE of group I was significantly higher than group Ⅱ （P〈 0.01） ,but there were no significant differences in the contents of moisture,CP,Ash,Ca,P and Fe of longissimus between two groups （P：〉0.05）. Compared with group I ,the feed cost of group Ⅱ was reduced by 45.38%. In summary,the growth performance and meat quality of two groups calves were similar, feeding cost was reduced significantly.