北京地区市售蔬菜中多溴联苯醚的污染状况

Investigation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers pollution in vegetables saled in Beijing

目的了解蔬菜中多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）的污染水平和污染特征。方法于2014年1—3月采集北京居民日常食用的10种市售蔬菜样品,采用超声提取-复合硅胶柱净化-气相色谱质谱联用（GC-MS）方法对样品中42种PBDEs进行定性定量检测,并分析其污染水平和污染特征。结果各种蔬菜样品中均有PBDEs检出,PBDEs总含量为0.68～155.78pg/g湿重。不同种蔬菜其食用部位的PBDEs含量一般为叶菜类高于果菜类,如菠菜叶、小白菜叶、大白菜叶、芹菜叶、生菜、油菜叶、韭菜的PBDEs含量均较高,而尖椒、黄瓜、青椒中PBDEs的含量均较低。叶菜类蔬菜的可食用部位均为叶PBDEs含量较高,茎（梗）含量较低。不同蔬菜及同种蔬菜不同部位中各BDE单体检出率和含量不同,蔬菜中检出的主要BDE单体为BDE 47、BDE 99、BDE 153、BDE 28＋33、BDE 75、BDE 66、BDE 154、BDE 183、BDE 118和BDE 209,检出率为44.4%～100%;未检出一溴联苯醚和八溴联苯醚。结论本次调查的蔬菜受到不同程度的PBDEs污染,以四溴、五溴和三溴联苯醚为主。

Objective To investigate the pollution level and characterization of polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs） in vegetables. Methods Ten kinds of vegetables samples were collected in Beijing market from January to March, 2014. Samples were extracted by ultrasonication, cleaned by muhilayer silica gel column and analyzed by GC/MS for 42 PBDEs. The pollution level and characterization of （PBDEs） were investigated. Results PBDEs were detected in all of the samples, total PBDEs concentrations ranged from 0.68 to 155.78 pg/g （wet weight） in vegetables. The concentrations of PBDEs in leafy vegetables were higher than fruit vegetables, ranked as follows： spinach leaf 〉 little cabbage leaf 〉 Chinese cabbage leaf 〉 celery leaf 〉 lettuce 〉 cole leaf 〉 leek 〉 capsicum 〉 cucumber 〉 green pepper. Tile concentrations of PBDEs in vegetable leaf were much higher than that in vegetable stem. The detection rates and concentrations of BDE congeners were different in different kinds of vegetables and different parts of the same vegetable. The main BDE congeners in vegetables were BDE 47, BDE 99, BDE 153, BDE 28＋33, BDE 75, BDE 66, BDE 154, BDE 183, BDE 118 and BDE 209, with the detection rates of 44.4%-100%. The mono-BDEs and octa-BDEs were not detected. Conclusion The investigated vegetables are polluted hy PBDEs in different degrees, and the prominent pollutants are tetra-BDEs, penta-BDEs and tri-BDEs.