血管性痴呆患者医院感染相关因素分析

Analysis on related factors of hospital infections in patients with vascular dementia

目的调查分析血管性痴呆患者医院感染的临床特点,为制定预防医院感染的相关措施提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析2012年1月-2013年12月156例血管性痴呆患者发生感染部位、临床指标、预防性抗菌药物应用及病原菌的种类,数据采用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果血管性痴呆患者医院感染54例,感染率为34.6%;感染部位以下呼吸道感染为主,共23例占42.6%;年龄≥60岁、住院时间≥30d、长期卧床、低蛋白血症以及合并糖尿病是血管性痴呆患者发生医院感染的相关因素(P<0.05);共分离出59株病原菌,以革兰阴性菌为主,共31株占52.5%,其中肺炎克雷伯菌共13株占22.0%。结论血管性痴呆患者医院感染率较高,以下呼吸道感染为主,肺炎克雷伯菌是主要感染病原菌,临床应针对相关因素做好防治工作。

OBJECTIVE To observe and analyze the clinical characteristics of hospital infections in patients with vas‐cular dementia ,so as to provide evidences for formulating prevention measures of hospital infections .METHODS The clinical characteristics of 156 cases of patients with vascular dementia from Jan .2012 to Dec .2013 were ana‐lyzed retrospectively ,including infection sites ,clinical indexes ,prophylactic antibiotics and pathogen types .Data were statistically analyzed with the software SPSS 17 .0 .RESULTS Totally 54 cases with vascular dementia had hospital infections ,and the infection rate was 34 .6% .The lower respiratory tract was the main infection site ,ac‐counting for 42 .6% （23 cases） .Age≥60 years ,hospital time≥30 d ,long bed rest ,hypoalbuminemia ,and com‐plication with diabetes were the related factors of hospital infections in patients with vascular dementia .Among 59 strains of pathogens ,the predominant gram‐negative bacteria accounted for 52 .5% （31 strains） ,mainly including K lebsiella pneumoniae （22 .0% ,13 strains） .CONCLUSION Hospital infection rate is high in patients with vascu‐lar dementia ,which is mainly characterized by lower respiratory tract infection and K . pneumoniae is the main pathogen .Clinical prevention and treatment should be performed accordingly to the related factors .