高强度间歇训练对不同训练人群的应用效果

Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Different Training Populations

本研究在阐述高强度间歇训练(HIT)的定义和回顾HIT的历史的基础上,对HIT在不同训练人群中的应用现状进行了综述。HIT是指以≥无氧阈或最大乳酸稳态的负荷强度进行多次持续时间为几秒到几分钟的练习,且每两次练习之间安排使练习者不足以完全恢复的静息或低强度练习的训练方法。竞技体育领域对HIT的再次重视推动了HIT在运动健身和慢性疾病康复领域中的应用。文献综述表明,HIT对不同训练人群的应用效果并不一样。尽管HIT对于非高水平运动员和普通人群可能是一种省时有效的训练/锻炼方式,但是,HIT对高水平运动员的训练效果尚不明确。对于慢性疾病患者来说,在确保安全的前提下,可以考虑循序渐进地进行HIT。HIT提高运动能力的机制还有待更多的研究,尤其是以高水平运动员为对象的研究。

We started from the definition of HIT ,and the historical development of HIT ,and reviewed the relative literatures on HIT with different populations .We define HIT as a train‐ing method ,which consists of multiple efforts with intensity of ≥ anaerobic threshold or maxi‐mal lactate steady state and with durations from seconds to minutes ,and is interspersed with rest or low‐intensity exercise between each two efforts .As indicated by the literatures ,the training effect of HIT is different on different training populations .Although HIT may be a time‐efficient and effective training/exercise method for the non‐elite athletes and the public populations ,the effect of HIT on elite athletes is still open for research .As for the people with health disorders ,HIT could be preferred progressively if the safety is guaranteed .Further in‐vestigations ,especially with elite athletes ,are required in the future to know the mechanism of HIT in enhancing the exercise capacity .