微山湖区不同生境蚊类种群分布、密度消长及乙脑病毒携带情况调查研究

Investigation of species,density,seasonal fluctuations,and prevalence of the epidemic encephalitis B virus in mosquitoes in the Weishan Lake area

目的了解微山湖区不同生境蚊虫种群分布、密度季节消长以及乙脑病毒携带情况,为指导当地蚊虫综合防制和虫媒传染病防控提供科学依据。方法成蚊密度监测采用CO2诱蚊灯法;对大型水体和小型积水(容器)分别采用勺捕法和吸管法进行幼蚊密度监测;白纹伊蚊专项监测采用诱蚊诱卵器法。结果 2012-2014年微山湖区共捕蚊32 866只,其中淡色库蚊占捕蚊总数的79.58%,为优势蚊种;其次为白蚊伊蚊(12.51%)和三带喙库蚊(6.13%);季节消长特点为成蚊密度高峰期为7月,幼蚊略早于成蚊;不同生境畜棚蚊密度最高,达11.61只/(灯·h),其次是居民区,为9.36只/(灯·h),湖区湿地和公园绿地密度分别为6.71只/(灯·h)和5.49只/(灯·h),医院蚊密度最低,为4.92只/(灯·h)。采用GLM对不同年度不同生境蚊密度进行分析比较,差异无统计学意义(F=1.294,P>0.05);不同环境幼蚊密度以居民区阳性率最高,为4.88%(检查容器5 391处,阳性263处);2012-2014年共采集送检8 962只蚊虫,未检测到乙脑病毒。结论微山湖区蚊密度较高,不同生境蚊虫种群分布以及密度消长变化趋势可有效指导当地蚊虫防制和蚊媒疾病的科学防控。

Objective To investigate the species, density, seasonal fluctuations, and prevalence of the epidemic encephalitis B virus in mosquitoes in the Weishan Lake area for local mosquito and disease control. Methods The adult mosquito density was monitored using mosquito lamps （releasing CO2 ） and mosquito oviposition traps. The larval mosquito density in large bodies of water was determined with a ladle and that in small volumes of water （in containers） was determined with a pipette. Results In total, 32 866 mosquitoes were captured in the Weishan Lake area from 2012 to 2014. The predominant species were Culex pipiens pallens （79. 58%）, followed by Aedes albopictus （12. 51%） and Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles （6.13 %）. Seasonal fluctuations were indicated by a peak in July, and mosquito larvae appeared earlier than adult mosquitoes. The adult mosquito density was the highest in barns [11.61 mosquitoes / （lamp. h）], followed by residential areas E9.36 mosquitoes / （lamp. h）], wetlands E6.71 mosquitoes / （lamp. h）], and public parks [5.49 mosquitoes / （lamp. h）]. Hospitals had the lowest adult mosquito density [4. 92 mosquitoes / （lamp. h）]. The mosquito density did not differ significantly in different environments and different years when analyzed using GLM （F= 1. 294, P〈0.05）. Mosquito larvae in residential areas tested positive for epidemic encephalitis B virus at the highest rate （4.88%, 263/5 391 mosquitoes）. The epidemic encephalitis B virus was not detected in any of the 8 962 mosquitoes collected from 2012 to 2014. Conclusion The Weishan Lake area has a diverse mosquito population. The mosquito density and its seasonal fluctuations can provide effective guidance for the prevention and control of mosquitoes and mosquito- borne diseases in the area.