四川省规模化畜禽养殖污染治理技术水平分析

Analysis on Pollution Treatment Technology of Scaled Livestock and Poultry Breeding Farms in Sichuan Province

四川省是我国畜禽养殖业大省,正由分散养殖向规模化转变,目前已成为四川省水环境污染主要因素和主要治理对象。根据四川省环境统计数据,对规模化畜禽养殖业污染现状及污染治理技术进行了分析。结果表明:全省统计的规模化养殖场和养殖小区达6598个,COD去除率较高,均大于80%,但总氮去除率较低、大部分企业总氮去除率在40%以下;采用垫草垫料清粪方式的养殖场其COD、总氮、总磷及氨氮的削减率均最高,干清粪次之,水冲粪污染物减排效果最差;有农业配套消纳土地、沼气生产设施和有机肥生产设施的养殖场污染物削减率明显高于无农业配套消纳土地、沼气生产设施和有机肥生产设施的养殖场;采用治理达标模式的末端处理工艺对氮、磷等营养元素物质的去除效果显著,其中"厌氧+好氧+深度处理"工艺对污染物的去除效率最高。

Sichuan is the livestock and poultry breeding province in China. The livestock and poultry breeding industry is shifting from decentralized breeding towards large scale farming, and it has become one of the important water pollution sources and the main treatment target. According to environmental statistic data of Sichuan Province, this paper analyzed the pollution status and pollution treatment technologies of scaled livestock and poultry breeding farms. The result showed that ther~ were 6598 scaled farms in Sichuan. COD removal rate was relatively high, which was higher than 80% in all farms, while TN removal rate was relatively low, which was lower than 40% in most of the farms. The pollutant removal rate were the highest when using bedding and padding mode, followed by dry collection mode, and then the manure cleaning by rinsing mode. The pollutant removal rate was higher when the farms own farmland, biogas producing facilities and organic fertilizer production facilities. The ＂anaerobic ＋ aerobic ＋ advanced treatment＂ treatment technology has the best removal efficiency on nutrient elements like nitrogen and phosphorus.