不同植物秸秆对番茄及南方根结线虫的影响

Effect of plant straws on tomato and Meloidogyne incognita

为有效防治南方根结线虫,本试验研究了添加不同剂量的玉米秸秆(8.32、4.16、2.08g/kg)、辣椒秸秆(4.16、2.08、1.04g/kg)和茵陈蒿秸秆(4.16、2.08、1.04g/kg)对温室大棚番茄及根结线虫的影响。结果显示,在根结线虫侵染的土壤中添加植物秸秆后30d,玉米秸秆(4.16、2.08g/kg)对番茄株高有显著影响,辣椒(4.16、1.04g/kg)和茵陈蒿(4.16、2.08g/kg)秸秆对番茄茎粗影响显著;60d时经茵陈蒿处理的番茄植株比对照生长发育良好,对形态指标的影响程度依次为茎粗>开花>分枝;120d时番茄的茎粗、分枝和果实重量均显著高于对照。末次接种后20d调查,每种作物秸秆处理以高剂量对根结线虫的防治效果最好,防治效果依次为:茵陈蒿秸秆>辣椒秸秆>玉米秸秆,分别为79.60%、71.32%、68.89%,表明茵陈蒿秸秆处理既可降低根结线虫危害程度,又可提高番茄产量。本研究为温室大棚有效防治根结线虫提供了依据。

In order to take effective control on Meloidogyne incognita （Kofoid ＆ White） Chitwood, and to opti- mize cultivation conditions of greenhouse tomato, the effect of corn straw （8.32, 4.16, 2.08 g/kg）, pepper straw （4.16, 2.08, 1.04 g/kg） and Artemisia capillaris straw （4.16, 2.08, 1.04 g/kg） on tomato and M. incognita was investigated in this study. The results showed that different treatments had different effect on tomato at seedling stage （30 days）, the corn straw （4.16, 2.08 g/kg） had significant influence on plant height, the pepper straw （4.16, 1.04 g/kg）and A. capillaris straw（4.16, 2.08 g/kg）had significant influence on stem diameter. Tomato grew better than the control group 60 days after treated with A. capillaris straw. Morphological parameter varied as stem diameter〉 flowering 〉 branch. Stem diameter, branch and fruit parameters of the treated tomato were much higher than those of the control plants 120 days after treatment. The rank order of the control effect against M. incognita was： A. capillaris stalk〉 pepper stalk〉 corn stalk, with the efficacy of 79.60%, 71.32% and 68. 89%, respectively. It was indicated that A. capillaris stalk had the best effect to improve tomato yield and control M. incognita.