基于可持续发展的神农架生态承载力研究

Study of Ecological Carrying Capacity of Shennongjia Based on the Sustainable Development

生态承载力是衡量一个地区自然资源可持续程度的重要指标。以典型的资源型城市神农架为研究区,运用生态足迹计算模型,对神农架2008-2012年的生态足迹和生态承载力进行了计算。结果表明：①神农架总生态足迹、人均生态足迹大体呈现增长趋势,分别从2008年86 464.477 4、1.076 1 hm^2增长到了2012年的93 137.591 1、1.171 3 hm^2;②神农架总生态承载力、人均生态承载力呈现波动变化趋势,总生态承载力、人均生态承载力均分别大于总的生态足迹、人均生态足迹,呈现生态盈余;③各类型用地中水资源生态盈余量最大,建筑用地、林地次之;水域和化石能源用地则呈现生态赤字,需要外部供给。总之,神农架生态环境优良,破坏程度小,可持续状况良好。

Ecological carrying capacity is one of the important indices for a regional natural resources sustainable degree. Using the ecological footprint calculation model, ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of 2008 -2012 were calculated in Shennongjia. The results showed that ： （1） The total ecological footprint increased from 86 464. 477 4 hm^2 of 2008 to 93 137. 591 1 hm^2, and the ecological footprint per capita showed a trend of growth from 1. 076 1 to 1. 171 3 hm^2. （2） The total ecological carrying capacity was greater than the total ecological footprint in 2008 -2012, and the per capita ecological carrying capacity was too, these showed the ecological surplus of Shennongjia. （3） The biggest ecological surplus was water resources in each type of land. But water areas and fossil energy land were the ecological deficit, and need external supply. All in all, it had the excellent ecological environment, small damage, good sustainable development in Shennongjia.