煤矸石充填复垦区小麦中重金属Zn的富集特征

Accumulation Characteristics of Zn in Wheat Planted in Coal Mine Reclamation Area

[目的]研究煤矸石充填复垦区小麦中重金属Zn的富集特征。[方法]通过对煤矸石复垦区内及其周边小麦中重金属Zn的测定与分析,确定随着与复垦区距离的增大重金属Zn在水平方向上的迁移规律,研究Zn在小麦不同成长期和不同部位中的富集效应,并采用内梅罗指数法评价小麦的Zn污染状况。[结果]返青期,小麦叶片和根系中的Zn含量随着与复垦区距离的增加呈减少趋势,小麦叶片积蓄Zn的能力比根系强。抽穗期,小麦叶片、根系中的Zn含量随着与复垦区距离的增加呈减少趋势,但在距复垦区5-50 m处有一个明显的高峰,这可能与该处施用了过量的化肥有关;而麦穗中Zn含量的变化趋势不明显;小麦植株各器官对Zn的富集能力表现为：叶〉根〉穗。不管是小麦根系还是叶片,Zn含量大小均表现为：返青期〉抽穗期。复垦区内及其周边小麦中重金属Zn含量未超过国家标准,没有被Zn污染。[结论]该研究为今后煤矿区的复垦工作和农作物耕作制度的选择提供了科学依据。

[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the accumulation characteristics of Zn in wheat planted in coal mine reclamation area. [ Method] The content of Zn in wheat in the coal mine reclamation area and its surrounding area was measured and analyzed to confirm the distribution and migration of Zn with horizontal distance and Zn accumulation in the process of wheat growth. Moreover, Zn pollution of wheat was assessed by using Nemerow index. [ Result] At the green stage, the content of Zn in leaves and roots of wheat showed a decreasing trend with the increase of the distance, with the distribution of leaf 〉 root. During the heading stage, the content of Zn in wheat also showed a decreasing trend with the increase of the distance, but there was an obvious peak at 5 - 50 m from the coal mine reclamation area due to excess application of fertilizer here. There was no obvious change in Zn content in wheatear, with the distribution of leaf 〉 root 〉 wheatear. The content of Zn in the roots and leaves showed the green stage〉 the heading stage. The content of Zn in different parts of wheat was lower than the national standard, so the wheat was not contarrlinated by Zn. [ Conclusion] The research could provide scientific references for the reclamation of coal mine area and choice of cropping system in future.