小学校车正面碰撞下乘员约束系统安全性仿真研究

Research on occupant restraint system safety in school bus front crash

为研究小学校车乘员约束系统在校车正面碰撞中的保护效果,依据《专用校车安全技术条件》,开展校车30 km/h正面碰撞工况的台车试验;运用多刚体动力学分析软件MADYMO建立包括地板、前后排座椅、P型6岁假人与安全带的校车乘员正面碰撞仿真模型,对比仿真和试验结果,验证模型的准确性;分析座椅间距、靠背刚度、坐垫刚度及坐垫倾角对乘员伤害值的影响。仿真结果表明:当座间距小于590 mm时,6岁假人与女性假人的头部伤害指标均明显上升;坐垫倾角增加15°时,6岁假人头、胸伤害指标分别下降21.6%和33.4%,女性假人的颈部弯矩减小47%。

To study the protective effectiveness of school bus child occupant restraint system in a30 km / h front crash,corresponding sled tests were conducted. A school bus occupant restraint system model was built in MADYMO,including floor,front and rear seats,P6 dummy,female 5 percentile Hybrid III dummy and seatbelt. The validity of the model was verified by test results. Based on the simulation model,influences of design parameters on occupant injury were analyzed. Design parameters include seat spacing,seat back stiffness,seat cushion stiffness and cushion angle. Results show that head injury of both dummies increases significantly when seat spacing is less than 590 mm,that when the cushion angle is increased by 15°,head and chest injury criteria of 6-years-old dummy are reduced by 21. 6% and 33. 4%respectively,and that the neck bending moment of female dummy is decreased by 47%.