3ERIKSSON K, WIKSTROM L,/RESTEDT K, et al. Numeric rating scale: patients" perceptions of its use in postoperative pain assessments [ J ]. Appl Nurs Res, 2014, 27 ( 1 ) :41 - 46.
4国家卫生计生委.国家卫生计生委[Z],2011.
5AOKI Y, SUGIURA S, NAKAGAWA K, et al. Evaluation of nonspecific low back pain using a new detailed visual analogue scale for patients in motion, standing, and sitting: characterizing nonspecific low back pain in elderly patients [ J ]. Pain Res Treat, 2012: 680496.
7JENNINGS P A, CAMERON P, BERNARD S. Measuring acute pain in the prehospital setting[ J]. Emerg Med J,2009,26 (8) : 552 - 555.
8CASTARLENAS E, SItNCHEZ- RODRGUEZ E, VEGA Rde L, et al. Agreement between verbal and electronic versions of the numerical rating scale ( NRS - I I ) when used to assesspain intensity in adolescents [ J ]. Clin J Pain,2015,31 (3) :229 - 234.
2Azoulay E, Citerio G, Bakker J, et al. Year inreview in Intensive Care Medicine 2013: II. Sedation,invasive and noninvasive ventilation, airways, ARDS,ECMO, family satisfaction, end-of-life care, organdonation, informed consent, safety, hematologicalissues in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med,2014,40(3):305-319.
3Merilainen M, Kyngas H, Ala-Kokko T. Patients'interactions in an intensive care unit and theirmemories of intensive care: a mixed method study.Intensive Crit Care Nurs, 2013,29(2):78-87.
4Shannon K, Bucknall T. Pain assessment in criticalcare: what have we learnt from research. Intensive CritCare Nurs, 2003,19(3):154-162.
5Carlson CL. Use of three evidence-basedpostoperative pain assessment practices by registerednurses. Pain Manag Nurs, 2009,10(4):174-187.
6Ahlers S J, van Gulik L,van der Veen A M,et al.Comparison of different pain scoring systems incritically ill patients in a general ICU. Crit Care,2008,12(1):R15.
7Azzam P N, Alam A, Pain in the ICU: A PsychiatricPerspective. J Intensive Care Med, 2012.
8Eriksson K, Wikstrom L, Arestedt K, et al.Numeric rating scale: patients' perceptions of its usein postoperative pain assessments. Appl Nurs Res,2014,27(1):41-46.
9Puntillo K A,Morris A B,Thompson C L,et al. Painbehaviors observed during six common procedures:results from Thunder Project II. Crit Care Med,2004,32(2):421-427.
10Aoki Y, Sugiura S, Nakagawa K, et al. Evaluationof nonspecific low back pain using a new detailedvisual analogue scale for patients in motion, standing,and sitting: characterizing nonspecific low back pain inelderly patients. Pain Res Treat, 2012:680496.
