沼肥与化肥配施对东北春玉米光合生理特性及产量品质的影响

Effects of combined application of biogas manure and chemical fertilizer on leaf photosynthesis,yield and quality of spring maize in Northeast of China

采用田间小区试验方法,在总施氮量相同的条件下,研究不同比例沼肥与化肥配施后对东北春玉米叶片光合特性及产量、品质的影响。结果表明,适宜比例的沼肥与化肥配施后,玉米叶片的光合作用参数改善明显,叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD值)提高、光系统II原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII潜在活性(Fv/F0),光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Cond)增加,这有利于玉米植株的光合作用及碳水化合物的形成。A1处理(2 000 g沼肥+500 g化肥)配施后,叶片光合效率高,籽粒产量最高,达到了11 344.1 kg/hm2,不同沼肥与化肥配施后的产量特征表现为A1>A2>A3>A4>CK。籽粒品质分析结果表明,适宜比例的沼肥与化肥配施后,玉米籽粒的粗蛋白、粗脂肪及粗淀粉等含量增加,同时籽粒含水量下降,这有利于东北地区春玉米的适期收获。

Two-year field plot experiment was carried out to study the photosynthetic characteristics and yield and quality when biogas manure was jointly applied with chemical fertilizer in Northeast spring maize production of China. Under the control of total input of nitrogen application, the effects of different proportion of biogas manure and the chemical fertilizer on maize photosynthesis, yield and quality were studied. The results showed that suitable proportion of biogas manure and chemical fertilizer in soil could improve maize leaf photosynthetic characteristics, and increase leaf chlorophyll content （SPAD value）, transfor- mation of primary energy efficiency of PSII optical system （ Fv/Fm ） , the potential activity of PSII （ Fv/F0 ）, photosynthetic rate （Pn）, transpiration rate （Tr）, stomatal conductance （Cond） and photosynthetic rate. The treatment of A1 （2 000 g biogas manure ＋500 g chemical fertilizer） showed the best performance on grain yield, which was as high as 11 344. 1 kg/ hm2. The trend of yield among the treatments showed as follows： A1 〉 A2 〉 A3 〉 A4 〉 CK. At the same time, the quality index of crude protein, crude fat and crude corn starch grain was obviously improved. The water content of grain decreased, which was beneficial to the harvest period of spring maize in Northeast China.