中小学生家庭专用课桌椅与中重度疑似近视的关联

Correlation of moderate to severe suspected myopia and ergonomic designed desk at home among primary and middle school students

目的探讨中小学生家庭专用课桌椅使用与中重度疑似近视的关联性,为创建良好的中小学生家庭读写环境和条件提供参考依据。方法使用自编调查问卷对分层整群抽取辽宁省沈阳市苏家屯区3所学校的2 670名中小学生进行问卷调查。采用多变量回归模型分析家庭专用课桌椅使用与中重度疑似近视的关系。结果在2 670名中小学生中,中重度疑似近视有723名（27.1%）,使用家庭专用课桌椅的有1 231名（46.1%）。不同性别、父母近视情况、父母学历以及家庭月收入的家庭专用课桌椅的使用率不同,差异均有统计学意义（χ^2值分别为24.25,17.28,63.89,83.67,25.43,P值均〈0.01）。使用家庭课桌椅的中小学生疑似近视率低于未使用家庭专用课桌椅的（χ^2=16.20,P〈0.01）。单因素Logistics回归分析发现,无家庭专用课桌椅的中小学生更容易患中重度疑似近视（OR=1.43,95%CI=1.20~1.70,P〈0.01）;调整学段、性别、民族、父母学历、家庭月收入、上学日和周末睡眠时间等变量后,无家庭专用桌椅仍为中小学生中重度疑似近视的危险因素（OR=1.37,95%CI=1.12~1.67,P〈0.01）。结论家庭专用课桌椅使用与中小学生中重度疑似近视密切相关。家长应为中小学生创造良好的家庭读写环境和条件。

Objective To investigate the relationship between ergonomic designed desks at home and moderate to severe suspected myopia. Methods Using self-made questionnaire,2 670 primary and middle school students were selected with stratified cluster sampling method, uncorrected distance visual acuity were examined using standard logarithmic visual acuity chart GB11533 -2011 and parents were surveyed by a self-designed questionnaire. The associations between ergonomic designed desks at home and moderate to severe suspected myopia among primary and middle students were studied utilizing multivariate regression analysis. Re- suits Among 2 670 primary and middle school students, moderate and severe suspected myopia among students owning the ergo- nomic designed desks at home was 46.1% and 27.1%. There was significant difference of ownership of ergonomic designed desks in gender, parents＂ myopia status, mothers＂ education and family income （ P〈0.01 ）. Different phase of studying, gender, ethnic, pa- rental education, family income, sleep duration during school day and weekend was found different in detection rate of moderate and severe suspected myopia （P〈0.01）. Participation without special desks at home was more likely to be moderate to severe suspected myopia, even after adjusted confounder factors. Conclusion There is close relationship between ergonomic designed desks at home and moderate to severe suspected myopia. Families should pay special attention to create appropriate environment for reading and writing among primary and middle school students.