小学高年级留守儿童亲子依恋与养育状况关系分析

Relationship between parental attachment and nursing status in left-behind senior pupils

目的探索农村留守儿童亲子依恋与养育状况的关系,为农村留守儿童安全亲子依恋关系的建立提供参考依据。方法在安徽省蚌埠地区和宿州地区分层随机整群抽取5所乡镇中心小学四~六年级学生,共调查1 026名学生,其中非留守儿童415名、留守儿童611名（包括母亲单方打工者27名、父亲单方打工者245名和父母均打工者339名）。问卷内容包括养育状况与亲子依恋量表。结果母亲依恋及其维度和父亲信赖维度得分均为父母均打工留守儿童低于非留守儿童（P值均〈0.05）,而父母单方打工儿童与非留守儿童亲子依恋及各维度得分差异均无统计学意义（P值均〉0.05）。对父母均打工留守儿童养育状况与亲子依恋的关系分析显示,母亲联系频率、母亲探望频率、父亲探望频率、犯错误时父亲态度、看护人与儿童聊天的频率以及家庭经济状况与亲子依恋有关;其中看护人与儿童聊天的频率与父母依恋及其维度均呈正相关,而家庭经济状况仅与父亲亲近程度有关（P值均〈0.05）。结论父母均打工农村留守儿童亲子依恋安全性较低。改善养育状况,如增加父母与儿童的联系探望频率等有助于促进安全亲子依恋关系的建立。

Objective To explore the relationship beteween parental attachment and nursing status in left-behind senior pupils, in order to provide references for establishing secure parental attachment relationship. Methods 1 026 pupils （ including 415 non-left-behind children and 611 left-behind children} from four to six grade in 5 township central primary schools in Bengbu and Suzhou district were enrolled with method of stratified cluster random sampling. The contents of questionnaire included nursing status of pupils and parental attachment scale. Results The scores of maternal attachment and its dimensions and paternal trust di- mension in children with parents going out for working were lower than those in non-left-behind children{ P〈0.05 }, the scores of parental attachment and their dimensions in children with parent unilaterally going out for working and non-left-behind children were no statistically significant difference（ P〉0.05）. Further analysis of relationship between parental attachment and nursing status in children with parents going out for working showed that maternal contact frequncy, maternal visiting frequency, paternal visiting fre- quency, paternal attitude to children＇s mistakes, chat conversation frequency with caregivers and family economic status were asso- ciated with parental attachement. Chat conversation frequency with caregivers were positively related to all parental attachement and their dimensions （P〈0.05）, and family economic conditions was related to only partenal closeness（ P〈0.05）. Conclusion Paren- tal attachment of children with parents going out for working are lower than those in non-left-behind children. Improving of their nursing status can promote parental attachment security.