宁夏中小学生视力不良与体格发育关系

Relationship between physical development and myopia among students in two cities of Ningxia in 2013

目的分析宁夏中小学生视力不良与体格发育的关系,为探讨防治视力不良的对策提供依据。方法于2013年分层整群抽样调查宁夏银川市和吴忠市8~17岁中小学生9 784名,调查其视力状况、体格发育水平。结果 8~17岁中小学生视力不良检出率为62.9%,男生视力不良检出率为57.9%,女生为67.9%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=104.208,P=0.000）。16~17岁年龄组视力不良检出率最高（84.1%）,14~15岁年龄组次之（75.9%）。视力正常组与视力不良组比较,10~15岁男生视力不良组身高高于视力正常组,10~13岁女生视力不良组身高高于视力正常组,差异有统计学意义;腰围均值12~15岁男、女学生视力不良组大于视力正常组,差异有统计学意义;12~15岁男、女学生BMI值视力不良组大于视力正常组,差异有统计学意义（P值均〈0.05）。结论中小学生体格发育速度较快,但视力不良的快速上升也不容忽视。应加强学校的近视防控工作。

Objective To analyze the relationship between the degree of poor eyesight and physical development of primary and secondary school students in two cities of Ningxia, and to make countermeasures for combat poor eyesight. Methods In 2013, random cluster sampling survey was conducted among 9 784 primary and secondary students＂ vision and physical development which between 8-17 years old in two cities of Ningxia. Results The detection rate of poor vision was 62.9% , which was 57.9% for boys and 67.9% for girls, the girls was higher than the boys with the difference of statistical significance （X2 = 104.208, P〈0.01 ）. The de- tection rate of poor vision was highest among 16 to 17 age group（84.1%） , followed by 14 to 15 years age group （75.9%）. The height of students with poor vision was higher than the ones with normal vision who were boys aged 10-15 or girls aged 10-13 , the BMI and waist of the ones with poor vision was bigger than the ones with normal vision who aged 12- 15 . Conclusion The physi- cal development of primary and secondary school students is fast, but the rapid rise of poor vision should not be ignored. More atten- tion should be paid to prevent low vision for the fast development and growth, in adolescence.