中国大学生健康体检需求及其影响因素分析

Requirements of health examination and associated factors among college students in China

目的了解大学生对健康体检的需求及其影响因素,为制定和完善大学生健康体检相关政策提供依据。方法于2014年9—11月采用分阶段目的抽样和方便抽样混合的抽样方法,使用自编调查问卷对中国5个省市20所不同类型高校3 422名大学生的健康体检需求进行横断面调查。采用SPSS 13.0进行统计学分析。结果 92.76%的大学生希望至少每年体检1次,男生、大一新生、部属院校、地方院校更愿意每年体检1次(OR值分别为1.20,1.27,0.71,0.80,P值均<0.05)。70.76%的大学生希望学校定期组织体检,并自愿参加;65.23%可接受的体检费用为≤100元,并与个人消费水平呈正相关;选择专业体检中心的占81.24%,校医院占26.71%;大学生最希望以个体报告单形式获得体检结果(46.30%)。体检后,希望以书面形式告知体检计划的方式获得健康指导的最多(63.90%),其次为体检机构进一步提供相关检查的方式(62.34%)。结论大学生对健康体检存在多方面的需求。在制定大学生健康体检政策时,应考虑大学生对体检频次、组织形式、费用、体检机构和体检后健康指导等需求。

Objective To explore physical examination requirements among college students in China, further provide use- ful information for developing relevant policies. Methods By using purposive sampling and convenient sampling, a cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November in 2014, 3 422 college students from 20 colleges of 5 provinces were investigated with self-made questionnaire. SPSS 13.0 was used. Results More than 90% of the students wanted to take health examination at least once a year. Male students （OR = 1.27, P〈O.01 } , freshmen （R = 1.19, P = 0.02 ） preferred to take it within half a year. A- bout 70% of the respondents hoped a voluntary health examination can be organized by school periodically. Worthwhile, 65.23% of the reporters could accept no more than 100 yuan as their medical expenses, which was positively correlated with individual monthly expense. When considering selecting medical institution, 81.24% of the students chose professional medical center and 26.71% for school infirmary. The examination results were preferred individualized （46.30% ）, with informed medical plan （ 63.90% ） and fur- ther examination guidance （ 62.34%）. Conclusion There are high demands for physical examination among college students. In or- der to improve health awareness, the requirements for examination frequency, organization form, expense, medical institution and health guidance need to be considered when determining student＇s health-related policy.