杭州市儿童教育干预对安全步行知晓率影响效果评估

Effectiveness of pedestrian safety education among children in Hangzhou

目的分析杭州市儿童安全步行知识知晓情况及心理状态,评估儿童安全步行健康教育模式。方法多阶段随机整群抽取杭州市4个区8所小学一至六年级学生1 184名,对其进行现场教学授课与亲身体验相结合的"儿童安全步行"集体教育干预2 h,干预前后采用一致的教学问卷进行调查。结果儿童安全步行健康干预前杭州市4个区儿童在安全步行各方面知晓率除过马路停靠点和特殊情况过马路外,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);干预后4个区儿童交通安全步行各方面知晓率差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。项目开展后,儿童安全步行不同方面知晓率均有提升(P值均<0.01)。分性别分析,男、女儿童安全步行认知均有不同程度的提高(P值均<0.01)。分年级分析,不同年级儿童的知晓率也均有提高(P值均<0.01)。干预前儿童过马路时"一点也不担心"的占19.1%,干预后占17.5%,但干预前后儿童的心理状态差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.829,P>0.05)。结论对儿童进行短期安全步行教育效果显著。还需采取定期长效教育干预机制,处理儿童步行过程中的心理问题,以不断强化儿童安全步行教育干预的效果。

Objective To analyze pedestrian safety awareness among children in Hangzhou, and to evaluate effectiveness of health education on pedestrian safety. Methods Through a multi-stage random cluster sampling, students from first to sixth grade in primary schools from 4 districts in Hangzhou were selected. Awareness of pedestrian safety was assessed before and after health education program. Results No significant differences were found in awareness of pedestrian safety among students before the intervention （P〉0.05）. Awareness increased both in boys and girls after intervention（P〈0.01 ）. The intervention effect was more remarkable among girls than boys in the item ＂cross the road at crossroad＂ （for girls P= 0.001, for boys P= 0.116 ）. Awareness of pedestrian safety improved at varying extent among students in different grades（ P〈0.01）. The intervention effect was higher in mid- die-grade students than in low-grade and high-grade students. Students reporting ＂not worried by crossing the street＂ accounted for 17.5% and 19.1% before and after the intervention, respectively. But the psychological state of children on walking safety before and after the intervention had not been improved（P〉0.05）. Conclusion The short-term pedestrian safety education seems effec- tive. Intervention should consider comprehensive physiological and psychological factors of subjects, the interactions between boys and girls, grades, differences in schools and class size in urban and rural areas. Effective pedestrian education, encouragement should be developed and conducted for the optimal development of physical and psychological abilities among children and adoles- cents.