上海市中学生饮酒知识态度行为分析

Analysis of drinking knowledge,attitude and practice of secondary school students in Shanghai

目的了解上海市中学生饮酒知识、态度、行为(KAP)现况,为制定限制青少年饮酒干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取上海市4个城区的初中学校25所、高中学校11所、职业中学10所共4 801名学生,采用问卷进行饮酒KAP调查。结果中学生饮酒知识得分平均为(7.42±3.18)分,态度为(4.69±2.65)分,行为为(2.83±1.63)分。饮酒KAP分数相加综合评价,仅20%的学生为"好",评分为"差"的学生人数比例为39%。女生知识、态度及行为均分均高于男生(t值分别为6.892,11.604,6.679,P值均<0.01);职业中学学生知识、态度及行为分数均为最低,初中生知识得分低于高中生,但态度和行为得分初中生均高于高中生(F值分别为20.893,177.893,130.353,P值均<0.01)。结论中学生饮酒KAP水平均不高。应加强健康教育,提高中学生饮酒知识水平,重点为职业学校学生;禁止向未成年人售酒法规的严格执行也非常重要。

Objective To survey the drinking knowledge, attitude and practice of secondary school students in Shanghai to provide the basis for drinking behavior promotion. Methods A multi-stage stratified method was used for sampling. Four districts were randomly selected in Shanghai and 25 junior high schools, 11 senior high schools and 10 vocational senior high school were se- lected. A total 4 801 secondary school students were surveyed for their drinking knowledge, attitude and practices. Results The average score of the knowledge, attitude and practice related to alcohol was 7.42±3.18 （total score was 15） , 4.69±2.65 （total score was 8） and 2.83±1.63 （ total score was 5） respectively. There were only 20% students whose total KAP scores were good , while there were 39% students whose scores were poor. The average scores of knowledge, attitude and practice of female students were higher than that of male students. Among different category of schools, the average scores of knowledge, attitude and practice of vocational senior high school students were the lowest, the average scores of knowledge of junior high schools students were lower than that of senior high schools students, but the average scores of attitude and practices of junior high schools students were higher than that of senior high schools students （ P〈0.05 ）. Conclusion The levels of drinking KAP of secondary school students are low, so education to improve drinking knowledge of students is really needed and more efforts should be made to educate the vocational senior high school students. In order to improve drinking behavior of secondary school students, enforcement of the rule forbidden to sell alcohol to underage is also very important.