遗传与环境因素对青少年危险行为影响的双生子研究

A twin study on genetic and environmental factors of adolescents risk behaviors

目的了解遗传与环境因素对青少年危险行为的影响,为减少青少年危险行为的发生提供参考依据。方法采用青少年危险行为问卷（RBQ-A）评定重庆市11~18岁111对双生子的危险行为,采用一般情况问卷、父母的养育方式和维度问卷（PSDQ）、应激生活事件（SLE）、Mac Master家庭活动计划一般功能量表（FAD-GFS）等调查双生子环境因素;通过Open-MX软件构建单因素结构方程模型,分析加性遗传因素、共享环境因素、个体特异性环境因素对双生子危险行为的影响。结果在危险行为总变异方差中加性遗传效应占0.67（95%CI=0.51~0.77）,个体特异性环境因素分别占0.33（95%CI=0.22~0.49）;危险行为与权威型养育方式呈负相关（r=-0.261,P〈0.01）,与专制型养育方式、家庭功能、分娩方式均呈正相关（r值分别为0.194,0.178,0.148,P值均〈0.01）,与应激生活事件、父母的教育程度、职业及母孕期情况等无统计学相关性。结论青少年危险行为受遗传和特殊环境因素的共同影响,受遗传的影响较大,但父母的教育方式及家庭功能对该指标的影响不容忽视。

Objective To explore the influence of genetic and environmental factors on adolescents risk behaviors,so as to provide evidence for decreasing the prevalence of risk behavior. Methods The risk behaviors of 111 twin pairs from Chongqing （ aged from 11 to 18 years） were investigated with Risk Behavior Questionnaire-Adolescent（ RBQ-A ）. The Parenting Styles and Di- mensions Questionnaire （ PSDQ ）, Stressful Life Event （ SLE ） and the General Functioning Scale of the MacMaster Family Activity Device （FAD-GFS） were applied to assess their environment factors. Structural equation modeling was performed to evaluate the effects of the additive genetic factors （ A）, shared environment factors （ C ） and individual specific environmental factors （ E ） on the adolescents risk behaviors. Results The effects of A and E on adolescents risk behaviors were 0.67 （ 95%CI= 0.54-0.77 ） and 0.33 （95%CI= 0.22-0.49）, respectively. There were significantly negative correlation between risk behaviors and authoritative-par- enting-style （ r=-0.261, P〈0.01 ）, score of adolescents risk behaviors was positively correlated with repressive-parenting-style score（r=0.194, P〈0.01 ）, and family functions score （r=0.178, P〈0.01 ） and delivery alternatives method（ r=0.148, P〈0.01） ; score of adolescents risk behaviors were not significantly correlated with stress life events and the parenting education level and oc- cupation. Conclusion Adolescents risk behaviors are influenced by additive genetic factors and specific environmental factors. Ge- netic factors play an important role, however, parental rearing pattern and family function should not been ignored.