绍兴市中小学生近视状况分析

Epidemiological feature of myopia among students from primary and middle school in Shaoxing

目的了解绍兴市7~15岁中小学生近视状况,为制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,选取绍兴市4所小学和4所中学共2 911名学生采用室内灯箱式标准对数视力表测量双眼视力,裸眼视力≤4.9为视力不良;然后用1%阿托品进行散瞳检影验光,屈光范围〈0.5 D为近视进行视力检测。使用统计方法主要有χ^2检验、t检验、方差分析等。结果小学生近视检出率（25.1%）低于初中生（72.8%）（χ^2=592.626,P〈0.01）;小学生近视平均度数为（213.88±105.98）,中学生近视平均度数为（305.44±165.23）,差异有统计学意义（t=-8.057,P〈0.01）。近视检出率和近视度数随着年级递增而升高（χ2/F值分别为667.195,10.753,P值均〈0.01）,城市学生近视率高于农村学生（χ^2=42.224,P〈0.01）,重点学校学生近视率高于一般学校（χ^2=6.224,P〈0.05）。结论绍兴市中小学生近视状况不容乐观。应加大近视高发态势的干预力度,培养健康和科学的用眼习惯。

Objective To understand the prevalence of myopia among 7-15 years old students, and to provide scientific evidence for further interventions. Methods By using stratified cluster random sampling method, a total of 2 911 boys and girls were recruited from 4 primary schools and 4 middle schools in Shaoxing City.Standard logarithmic visual acuity chart was used to ex- amine the eyesight of both eyes.If the uncorrected visual acuity ≤ 4.9, it was considered to be poor eyesight. 1% atropine was adopted to perform mydriatic optometry.And if the Dioptric scope〈0.5 D,it was regarded as nearsighted.Results The prevalence of myopia in grades 1-6 and grades 7-9 was 25.1%, 72.8%, respectively, while the average degree of myopia was （213.88±105.98}, （305.44±165.23 ） , respectively. The prevalence and the degree of myopia increased with the grade（ P〈0.01}. Urban students had higher myopia rate than rural students（ P〈0.01）, while students in key schools had higher myopia than students in general schools （ P〈0.05 ）. Conclusion The status of myopia is serious among primary and middle school students in Shaoxing city, and the pre- vention measures should be strengthened in order to develop healthy and scientific eye care habits.