美国森林风景管理系统及其借鉴与应用

A Study of American Forest Scenery Management System and Its Reference and Application in China

借鉴国际森林风景管理系统构建和应用实践,是提高中国森林风景资源管理水平、更好地满足公众对森林游憩需求的重要途径之一。文中概述了美国森林风景管理系统的发展历程、结构内容、特点、应用状况和发展趋势。该系统以科研成果和近40年的实践经验为依据,主要包括调查分析、规划设计、方案实施、监测评估4个步骤,强调融入生态系系统管理思想和公众参与,将在生态美学、城郊风景、场所感、动态管理、可视化和视觉模拟等方面不断优化发展。我国森林风景资源管理的观念、理论和技术基本处于初步发展阶段。从中国实际出发、积极吸收国际先进技术和管理理念、加快中国森林风景资源管理系统研发步伐,对于提高我国森林风景资源管理水平具有重要现实意义。

Learning construction and application practices of international forest scenery management system is an important way to improve the level of forest scenery management in China and better meet the public demand for forest recreation. The paper studied the development process, main contents and characteristics, the application and development trend of the scenery management system （SMS） of the USA. The SMS, which has been developed based on research findings and practical experiences for 40 years in the USA, comprises of 4 steps, including inventory and analysis, planning and design, plan implementation, monitoring and evaluation, which integrates ecosystem management and public participation. The SMS will be predictably optimized in terms of ecological aesthetics, suburban landscape, sense of place, dynamic management, visualization and visual simulation. The concept, theory and techniques of forest scenery management in China are in the infant stage of development. Therefore, it is of great realistic significance for improving forest scenery management level in China by actively absorbing the international advanced technology and management concept and accelerating the research and development of Chinese forest scenery management system.