论欧洲政治思想的犹太来源

On Jewish Origin of the European Political Thoughts

欧洲政治思想内容十分丰富,神权思想、平等观念、个人主义等不一而足。就其渊源而言,各有不同,大体上"雅典、罗马和耶路撒冷"是其发展的共同基础,或是三者的结合体,或来自其中之一。这里主要对欧洲政治思想中来自"耶路撒冷"的神权政治、平等思想以及有限王权的政治思想进行探究。欧洲中世纪的神权政治与圣经时代的犹太神权政治具有明显的继承性,圣经时代犹太王权思想是欧洲有限王权观念形成过程中不可或缺的因素,而犹太平等思想是欧洲平等思想的一个重要渊源。

The European political thoughts, such as theocratic ideologies, the idea of equality, individualism and so on, have different origins. Some European political thoughts have come from ＂ Athens, Rome and Jerusalem＂ as a whole, as their common developmental foundation, or from one of them. By exploring the theocracy, ideology of equality, and limited royalty of European political thoughts which originated from Jerusalem＇ s political thoughts, this paper concludes that the medieval theocracy is obviously inherited from Jewish theocracy of the biblical times, and that the royalty ideas of biblical times is an indispensable factor of the concept of European limited royalty, and that the ideas of Jewish equality is the important source of European equality.