美国军舰进入南沙岛礁领海的可能影响及应对策略

Possible Influence of the US Warship's Entry into the Territorial Sea of the Nansha Islands and Reefs and the Countermeasures

美国政要及军方针对南海岛礁的系列言行,尤其是美国军舰将进入南沙岛礁领海的言行,很大程度显现美国改变原先针对南海问题立场的趋势,引起国际社会对南海安全局势的高度关注,特别在外交和安全上引发中美严重对立和分歧。为此,文章分析了美国军舰进入南沙岛礁领海的可能影响,特别依据领海的无害通过制度,指出中美在南海的争议有扩大化的趋势;阐述了中国在南沙岛礁进行扩建和加固行为的法律依据,特别论述了南海断续线的性质和功能以及断续线内海域的法律地位;最后,提出我国在不同层面应对以美国为首的国家在南海问题挑战上的具体对策建议,以确保中国在南沙岛礁的主权、安全和海洋权益。

A series of actions and speeches by the American politician and military, especially those about the American warship＇ s entry into the territorial sea of the Nansha islands and reefs, to a large extent shows the trend that US will change its original stance on the South China Sea issue, which causes the great attention about the security situation in the South China Sea in the international society, and particularly the serious opposition and divergence in diplomacy and security between China and United States. Therefore, this paper analyzes the possible influence of the American warship＇ s entry into the territorial sea of the Nansha islands and reefs, point- ing out the expanding trend of China-US disputes over the South China Sea especially according to the regime of innocent passage in the territorial sea. And it expounds the legal foundation for China＇ s expansive construction and consolidation in the Nansha islands and reefs, especially discussing the nature and function of the dotted line of the South China Sea as well as the legal status of waters within the dotted line. Finally, it puts forward the specific countermeasures for the challenges of the US-led countries towards the South China Sea issue at the dif- ferent levels so as to ensure China＇ s sovereignty, security as well as marine rights and interests in the Nansha islands and reefs.