1Hong JY,Lee IH.Suprascapular nerve block or a piroxicam path for shoulder tip pain after day case laparoscopic surgery.Eur Anaesthesiol,2003,20:234 ～ 238.
2Wills VL,Hunt DR.Pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Br Surg,2000,87:273.
4Bisgaard T,Rosenberg J,Kehlet H.From acute to chronic pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy:a prospective follow-up analysis.Scand J Gastroenterol,2005,40:1358 ～ 1364.
5Abonen J,Olkkola KT, Hynynen M.et al. Comparison of allentanil, fentanyl and sufentanil for total intravenous anaesthesis with propofol in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Br J Anaesth,2000,85:533-540.
6Thomson IR, Harding G, Hudson RJ. A comparison of fentanyl and sufentanil in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Cardiothorae Vase Anesth,2000,14:652-656.
7De Witte JL, Schoenmaekers B. The analgesic efficacy of tramadol is impaired by concurrent ad ministration of ondansetron.Anesth Analg,2001,92: 1319-1321.
8Stahl KD, Van Bever W, Janssen P, et al. Receptor affinity and pharmacological potency of a series of narcotic analgesic anti-diarrheal and neuroleptic drugs. Eur J Pharmaeol, 1977,46:199-205.
9McNicol E,Horowicz-Mehler N,Fisk RA,et al. Management ofopioid side effects in cancer-related and chronic noncancer pain: asystematic review. J Pain, 2003,4(5) :231-256.
10Individual variation in sensitivity to morphine and the need to switchto an alternative opioid in cancer patients. Support Care Cancer,2006,14(1):56-64.
7McNieol E, Horowicz-Mehler N, Fisk RA, et al. Management of opioid side effects in cancer-related and chronic noncancer pain: a systematic review[J]. J Pain, 2003,4(5): 231-256.
8Kelly DJ, Ahmad M, Brull SJ. analgesia I: physiological pathways and pharmacological modalities[J].Can J Anaesth, 2001,48:lO00.
9Lenz H. A comparison of intravenous oxycodone and intravenous morphine in patient-controlled postoperative analgesia after laparoscopic hysterectomy[J].Anesth Analg, 2009,109(4):1279-1283.
10STOOPS W W, HATTON K W, LOFWALL M, et al. Intravenous oxyeodone, hydrocodone, and morphine in recreational opioid users:abus potential and relative potencies[J]. Psychopharmacology, 2010,212(2):193-203.
