基于标准廓形钢轨的打磨模式机理

Mechanisms of rail grinding patterns based on standard rail profile

打磨模式的选取直接影响钢轨打磨的作业过程及其打磨效果,而钢轨打磨模式的作用机理可作为实现目标状态的指导。以国内60 kg标准钢轨为例开展钢轨打磨模式磨削要素发展规律的研究。基于建立的标准钢轨廓形的数学模型,结合打磨模式的分布特点以及砂轮与钢轨的干涉关系确定被磨钢轨横断面的计算模型;然后在实际作业的取值范围内讨论主要影响因素的变化规律,分析对称与非对称模式对钢轨廓形的影响,并通过对应打磨模式下实际廓形与理想廓形的分析对以上模型加以验证。结果表明:钢轨打磨砂轮的摆角越小,完成相同横断面移除量所需要的切削深度越小;横向对称模式与纵向模式对对称的标准廓形的往返作业对钢轨廓形的影响是相同的,非对称模式对钢轨廓形的磨削作用主要由打磨砂轮的角度分布模式决定。

The grinding patterns have direct effects on the rail grinding processes and the ground results. It＇s necessary to probe into the mechanisms of the rail grinding patterns in order to get the aimed rail status for rail maintenance projects. By taking the profile of 60 kg standard rail as the to-be-ground objects, the rules for key elements in the rail grinding process were developed. Firstly, the mathematical model for standard profile was developed. And the models of traversal-sectional area and cutting length model for ground rail were also built by combining the characteristics of pattern-distributing and the interference relationship between the grinding stone and the rail head. Then the changing rules of the key elements in the grinding process were observed in a range of the practical operation. Ultimately, the effects of different patterns on the actual detected profile and the theoretical profile were analyzed, including both of the symmetric patterns and the non-symmetric patterns. The results are as follows： the smaller the grinding angles are, the smaller depths would be needed as to achieve the same cutting traversal-sectional area on the railhead; both the transversely-symmetric patterns and the longitudinally patterns have same results on the come-and-go passing; the non-symmetric patterns have different grinding results on the rail profile depending on the angles distribution of the grinding stones.