聚苯并咪唑的改性及其应用

Modification and application of polybenzimidazole

为了提高聚苯并咪唑(PBI)的溶解性、化学稳定性和导电性等,需对PBI进行改性。介绍了通过单体改性、在聚合物主链上引入柔性链(基团或原子)、在—N—H上引入脂肪族和芳香族磺酸盐侧基等方法提高PBI的溶解性;通过调节PBI的相对分子质量或者用甲基取代咪唑环上的氢,提高PBI的稳定性能;通过物理改性和化学改性(单体改性、掺杂改性、磺化改性)提高PBI的导电性能。综述了PBI在纤维、膜材料、基体树脂、粘结剂等方面的应用情况,并对其进行了展望;指出了PBI的改性大部分属于化学改性,通过单体改性和聚合物主链改性对PBI性能影响很大,应进一步加大PBI物理改性的开发,如低温等离子体改性,拓宽PBI应用范围。

The modification of polybenzimidasole （PBI） was required in order to improve its solubility, chemical stability and conductivity. The monomer modification, flexible chain introduction （group or atom） into polymer backbone chain and aliphatic and aromatic sulfonato side groups introduction into -N-H were introduced to improve the solubility of PBI. The stability of PBI could be improved by regulating the relative molecular mass of PBI or introducing methyl group as a substitute for hydrogen in imidazole ring. The conductivity of PBI could be increased by physical modification and chemical modification （ monomer modification, doping modification, sulfonation modification）. The application of PBI was reviewed and outlookod in the fields of fiber, membrane, matrix resin, adhesive, etc. It was pointed out that the modification of PBI dominantly depended on chemical modification, and the physical modification like low-temperature plasma modification should be further developed to expand the application of PBI as the monomer modification and polymer backbone chain modification had a great impact on the properties of PBI.