首都生态圈及其自然生态状况

Capital Eco-sphere and its natural ecological conditions

生态问题具有显著的区域性特征,解决首都北京的生态问题、保障首都生态安全,不能仅局限于北京市所辖范围,必须从更大的生态区域上进行考虑,这已成为人们的广泛共识。也正因为此,"生态环境保护持续改善"被列为京津冀协同发展率先突破的三大领域之一。本文基于生态区域的完整性、差异性和空间可度量性,提出了首都生态圈的概念内涵和划定思路;在系统分析北京生态问题及其成因的基础上,确定了水资源短缺、大气污染和风沙侵袭三个主要外源性生态问题,构建了包括水源供给、大气污染防治和风沙防御在内的首都生态圈范围划定的关键指标;结合行政区域界线,划出了首都生态圈的范围,包括北京市、天津市、河北省大部分区县,内蒙古的赤峰市、锡林郭勒盟和乌兰察布盟部分地区,山西省的大同市、朔州市、忻州市和吕梁市的部分区县,总面积约34.91万km2,涉及到196个县(区、市);从自然地理特征和生态资源禀赋两方面,对首都生态圈的自然生态状况进行了简要评述。为京津冀协同发展和生态保护与建设提供科学依据。

Ecological problems often have regional characteristics. In China, there is a broad consensus that solving the ecological problems and ensuring the eco-security of the capital cannot be confined to the scope of Beijing, and a larger ecological area needs to be considered. Because of this, ＂the continuous improvement of ecological environment protection＂ is listed as a breakthrough area of the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. Firstly, the authors put forward the concept, connotation and delineated ideas of the Capital Eco-sphere based on the integrity, diversity and space measurability of ecological areas. Secondly, some ecological problems and reasons in Beijing were analyzed, including water shortages, air pollution, sandy wind, water and soil loss, biodiversity threats and ecosystem degradation. The three exogenous ecological problems （water shortages, air pollution and sandy wind） were determined as key designated indicators. Based on the results and through the combination analysis of the regional characteristics of the three exogenous ecological problems, with administrative regional boundaries, the scope of the Capital Eco-sphere was delimited which includes Beijing, Tianjing, most parts of Hebei province, partial areas of Chifeng, Xilin Gol League and Ulanqab League in Inner Mongolia, and parts of Datong, Shuozhou and Xinzhou in Shanxi Province. The total area is about 349.1 × 10^3km^2 which covers 196 counties. Finally, from the perspective of natural geographical characteristics and ecological resources endowment, the general profile of mountains and rivers, and the areas, distribution and representatives of different ecosystems were simply illustrated. The research provides a scientific basis for the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its ecological protection and maintainance.