日本温泉保养地管理及对中国的启示

Review of Japanese hot spring research and implications for China

温泉保养地的概念与制度最早起源于德国,1954年日本由德国引入并予以制度化及本土化,不但将其发扬光大,而且使其更合乎东方人使用。这种温泉保养地既有利于公民身心健康又可作为旅游吸引物发展成为温泉休闲产品。中国温泉资源利用发展迅速,但是仍缺乏一套较完整的资源管理制度。本研究主要是透过日文文献资料的搜集、阅读及分析,首先建立日本温泉保养地发展系统,再梳理出温泉保养地评定条件及标准,接着又指出温泉保养地的设施设计准则,再指出温泉保养地人力资源开发及专业人才资格认证程序。另外,本研究又借鉴日本的经验指出,在全球化时代,温泉保养地与周边社区的关系管理。最后依据日本经验提出对中国温泉资源管理的9个重要的启示,希望对中国政府部门及实业界规划及管理温泉保养地时有所参考。

The concept and institutions of Badeort （hot spring）stemmed from Germany; Japan imported and extended such concepts and institutionalized and localized hot springs to better accommodate Japanese citizens. Hot spring systems not only support the health of citizens, but are tourist attractions forming a kind of recreational tourism destination. Hot spring natural resources are developed rapidly but lack developmental experiences and systematic resource institutions in China. It is of vital importance for government agencies and enterprises to learn and understand advanced experiences from hot springs in developed countries such as Japan. During a stint as a visiting scholar in Taiwan, first author Han Guosheng conducted a detailed context and text analysis of Japanese professional and academic literature on hot spring development with colleagues in Taiwan （second and third authors above）. First, a hot spring system was explored in Japan, including hot spring evaluation systems and utilities design principles. In addition, a typical program to develop professionals was put forward with implications for professional certification and development. It is more and more important for hot spring enterprises to form a good relationship and interaction with surrounding communities in this global age and some pretty excellent experiences are also introduced with famous professional case studies. Finally, implications for the development of hot spring destinations in China are discussed, including professional certification and development, basic database and research, legal frameworks especially for hot spring development and protection, integration and cooperation between hot spring enterprises, and regional economic development. This review will contribute to a detailed understanding of hot spring development and relevant research in this field for academics and professionals across China.