从水文与气象相结合的视野新论华西秋雨

New Concept of Autumn-Rain over Southwest China on the Basis of Hydro-Meteorology

基于对1662年秋季发生在黄河中游和1679年秋季发生在长江上游的特大暴雨洪水的研究，联系前人对华西秋雨的见解，从水文与气象相结合的视野，提出了对华西秋雨涵义的表述：主要是秋季来自西太平洋—南海和（或）北印度洋—孟加拉湾的暖湿气团与来自北冰洋和西伯利亚的冷干气团，在我国西部秦岭山脉南北大范围长期对峙，从而形成的一种由连绵小雨到暴雨，直至最后阶段发展为大暴雨甚至日夜不绝、持续1～2周的特大暴雨的特殊天气现象，发生区域主要是长江上游和黄河中游。按雨量大小及负面影响程度，可将其分为一般华西秋雨和特大华西秋雨两种类型，其中特大华西秋雨形成的洪水要远远大于历史上在夏季曾经发生过的特大暴雨洪水，故其对长江、黄河的防洪及生态环境安全威胁最大，万万不可小觑！

Based on the study of the torrential rain and catastrophic flood occurred during autumn 1662 in the middle Yellow River and 1679 in the upper Yangtze River,along with the previous of autumn rain and the view of combination of hydrology and meteorology,it puts forward the meaning of autumn rain that a special weather phenomenon from light rain increases to rainstorm and finally develops into a heavy rainstorm and even forming torrential rain maintains around the clock for 1-2 weeks that mainly happens in the upper Yangtze River and the middle Yellow River;the cause of autumn rain is a wide range of long-term confrontation in the south and north of Qinling mountains in China between warm humid air mass comes from West Pacific South China Sea/North Indian Ocean Bay of Bengal and cold dry air mass comes from Arctic Ocean/Siberia continent in autumn. Meanwhile,the autumn rain is divided into two types of general autumn rain and heavy autumn rain,according to the amount of rainfall and the degree of negative effects. The paper further points out that the flood caused by heavy autumn rain is far greater than the catastrophic flood has ever happened caused by summer rainstorm in history. Because the autumn rain is the most important threat of the Yangtze River,the Yellow River floods control and ecological environment security. It cannot be ignored!