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核苷(酸)类药物治疗HBV相关肝硬化近、远期疗效研究进展 被引量:8

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摘要 乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)是导致肝硬化的主要病因之一。全球约有3.5亿HBV携带者,每年有超过100万人死于HBV相关疾病。中国HBV携带者约占全球的1/3,其中20%30%发展成肝硬化[1],而一旦至肝硬化失代偿期,5年生存率将降至19%35%[2,3],且2%5%肝硬化患者可发展成肝细胞肝癌[4]。HBV病毒载量与慢性肝病进展及肝癌发生率呈正相关,有效抑制病毒可大大减缓慢性肝病进展及肝癌发生,从根本上改善其预后[5]。目前国内外针对HBV的抗病毒药物主要是干扰素和核苷(酸)类药物,但失代偿期肝硬化患者应用干扰素可导致肝功能损伤加重,即使在代偿期肝硬化患者中使用也存在肝功能失代偿风险,故禁用或慎用。核苷(酸)类药物为HBV聚合酶的逆转录酶抑制剂,在人体内磷酸化后,与自然底物三磷酸腺嘌呤脱氧核苷酸(dATP)竞争结合到病毒的DNA链上,终止HBV DNA链的延伸,从而达到抑制病毒复制的目的。目前临床常用的有拉米夫定(LAM)、阿德福韦酯(ADV)、恩替卡韦(ETV)、替比夫定(LdT)和替诺福韦酯(TDF)。
出处 《中国肝脏病杂志(电子版)》 CAS 2015年第2期26-28,共3页 Chinese Journal of Liver Diseases:Electronic Version
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参考文献37

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二级参考文献77

共引文献3258

同被引文献90

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