分子中含价层孤对电子的原子构型的判断方法

Methods for Distinguishing Configurations of Atom with Lone Pair Valence Electrons in Molecules

依据杂化轨道理论、价层电子对互斥理论、离域π键和实例，总结出了分子中含价层孤对电子原子构型的判断法，其内容为含有2对或3对孤对电子的原子（如F）可以存在sp1、sp2、sp3 3种杂化，若其相连的中心原子为sp1杂化，则该原子也为sp1杂化（如HC≡CF）；若其相连的中心原子为sp2杂化，则该原子也为sp2杂化（如H2C=CHF）；若其相连的中心原子为sp3杂化，则该原子也为sp3杂化（如CH3F）。含有1对孤对电子的原子（如N）可以存在sp2、sp2 2种杂化，若其相连的中心原子为sp1或sp2杂化，则该啄子均为sp2杂化（如HC≡CNH2和H2C=CHNH2）；若其相连的中心原子为sp3杂化，则该原子为sp3杂化（如CH3NH2）。并讨论了该方法的适用范围以及举例说明了该方法的应用。

Based on hybrid orbital theory, valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, delocalized n bond and examples, this article summed up methods of distinguishing different configurations of the same atom with lone pair valence electrons in molecules. Atom may have three kinds of hybridization such as sp1 , sp2 , sp3 when it has two or three pairs of lone electrons （e. g. F）, if the central atom bonded to it is sp1 , sp2 , sp3 hybridization, the atom itself is also sp1 , sp2 , sp3 hybridization respectively, and corresponding examples are HC≡CF, H2C=CHF and CHEF. Atom with only one pair of lone electrons （e. g. N） can have two kinds of hybridization including sp2 and sp3 ; If the central atom bonded to it is sp1 or sp2 hybridization, the atom itself is sp2 hybridization, such as HC≡CNH2 and H2 C=CHNH2 ; If the central atom bonded to it is sp3 hybridization, the atom itself is also sp3 hybridization, such as CH3 NH2. This article also discussed the applying scope of the method and described the application of the method with examples.