高效防治烟粉虱的药剂筛选

Screening Effective Pesticides to Control Bemisia tabaci

选取5种新型或混配药剂〔20%辣根素水乳剂(EW)、99%矿物油乳油(EC)、22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂(SC)+20%烯啶虫胺水分散粒剂(WG)、240g·L-1螺螨酯SC+20%烯啶虫胺WG、烟粉虱1号〕在彩椒上进行田间药效试验和药害试验,对药剂的速效性、持效性及安全性进行评价。结果显示:5种药剂在推荐剂量下施用均未发生药害,其中混配药剂22.4%螺虫乙酯SC+20%烯啶虫胺WG对烟粉虱有很好的速效性和持效性,药后3d防效为65.6%,药后20d防效为84.5%,与对照20%烯啶虫胺WG相比持效性显著,可以作为防治烟粉虱的优选药剂;99%矿物油EC药后3d对烟粉虱的防效为53.0%,在有机和绿色农业生产中应用潜力很大;20%辣根素EW对烟粉虱有很好的速效性,药后3d防效达到70.9%,但是持效性不好,可在烟粉虱大量发生时使用该药剂进行快速处理,再结合其他持效期长的药剂进行防治;从防治效果、成本和易操作性等因素考虑,烟粉虱1号和混配药剂240g·L-1螺螨酯SC+20%烯啶虫胺WG不适合用于生产中防治烟粉虱。

5 kinds of new or mixed pesticides [ 20% allyl isothiocyanate EW （ AITC ）, 99% petroleum oil EC, mixture of 22.4% spirotetramat SC and 20% nitenpyram WG, mixture of 240 g · L^-1 spirodiclofen SC and 20% nitenpyram WG, Bemisia tabaci No. 1] were applied in fields to carry out pesticide effect and phytotoxicity experiments, and to evaluate the fast-acting property, durable effect and security of pesticides control effect. The results indicated that all these 5 pesticides had no injury at the recommended dose. The mixture of 22.4% spirotetramat SC and 20% nitenpyram WG showed better effect on controlling Bemisia tabaci, its durable effect was obvious compared with the contrast 20% nitenpyram , the control efficacy reached 65.6% 3 days after spraying, then to 84.5% 20 days after spraying. This mixed pesticide could be used to control Bemisia tabaci. 3 days after taking 99% petroleum oil EC, the control efficacy on Bemisia tabaci reached 53.0%, so it possessed a great potential in controlling Bemisia tabaci in organic and green agriculture production. 20% AITC had fast acting effect on Bemisia tabaci, its control efficacy could reach 70.9% 3ays after spraying, but its durable effect was not ideal. Therefore, when Bemisia tabaci was prevailing, AITC should be rapidly applied and combined with other pesticides, which had long-lasting effect to control Bemisia tabaci. While Bemisia tabaci No.1 and the mixture of 240 g · L^-1 spirodiclofen SC and 20% nitenpyram WG were not suitable for controlling Bemisia tabaci considering a prevention effect, cost and ease of operation and other factors.