离心泵输送掺稀稠油性能的实验

Experimental investigation on performance of pipeline centrifugal pumps transporting diluted heavy crudes

原油长输管道上的外输泵能耗巨大,在多年的使用之后,其特性曲线会出现一定程度的偏差,有必要对泵性能曲线进行校核。根据相关规范,本文对某原油管线上的3种外输离心泵展开了现场工业实验,测试了它们输送掺稀稠油（黏度为199.5mm2/s、190.2mm2/s）的性能,绘制了实际的扬程-流量曲线和效率-流量曲线。基于离心泵出厂时的性能曲线和现场实验的油性,利用相关式换算得到离心泵输油时的理论性能曲线。与输水时相比,离心泵输送掺稀稠油时最高效率点效率下降了21.8%~31.2%。比较离心泵的实际性能曲线和理论性能曲线表明：对于同样流量点,使用多年的离心泵的效率降低了1.5%~9.8%;离心泵扬程也有1%~10%不等的损失,并且随着流量增大,扬程下降幅度越大。现场测试得到的泵性能特性曲线为日后输油泵的工艺计算和能耗分析提供了依据。

Pumps consume a lot of energy in crude oil pipeline transmission system. Pump pertormance deteriorates after years of use, so it is necessary to check the performance curves. Field tests were conducted in accordance with relevant standards to measure the performance of three types of centrifugal pumps in a crude oil pipeline, and the head and efficiency curves for diluted heavy crudes with viscosities of 199.5mm2/s and 190.2mm2/s were drawn. Based on the performance curves provided by pump manufacturers and measured viscosity-temperature relationships of diluted heavy crudes, theoretical characteristic curves of pump handling diluted crudes were figured out by correlation equations. Efficiencies decreased by 21.8% to 31.2% when they transported diluted heavy crudes compared to water. Comparison of the measured with theoretical performance curves was made. After years of use, （1）efficiencies decreased by 1.5% to 9.8% for the same flow rates; （2）heads of the pumps decreased by 1% to 10% and head losses increased with increasing flow rate. The performance curves from the field experiments could be used for process calculation and analysis of energy consumption for the pipeline system in the future.