拷贝型动量表达方式在汉语中的发展及其类型学考察

The Development and Typological Observation of Copied Expression of Verbal-Quantity

拷贝型动量表达方式是指动量词与中心动词同形的一种动量表达方式。汉语拷贝型动量表达方式始见于唐代,至宋代已发展出其他用法。除汉语外,拷贝型动量表达方式还存在于汉藏语系其他一些语言中。数量短语与中心动词的语序跟动词与宾语的语序紧密相关:OV型语言主要采用"数+V′+V"式,而VO型语言主要采用"V+数+V′"式。它的产生至少得具备两个条件:专用动量词发展到一定程度、借用动量词使用较为广泛。

Copied expressions of verbal-quantity refer to the way of copying verbs to express verbal-quantity. In Chinese, they once appeared in the Tang Dynasty and developed some other usages in the Song Dynasty. They were also used in Sino-Tibetan languages. In those languages of OV order, the copied expression way mainly acted in both the numeral＋V＇＋V and the V＋numeral＋V＇ patterns in VO languages. There are at least two conditions for the occurrence of copied expressions of verbal-quantity, one is the special action-measure words developed to a certain degree, the other is wide use of borrowed action-measure words.