论《句法结构》之革命性:语言学理论之科学性转向

Reviews on the Revolution in Syntactic Structures:The Trend to Establish Linguistic Theory with Scientific Property

有关乔姆斯基《句法结构》一书之革命性众说纷纭:从语言学的认知转向到对结构主义语言学理论研究方法、目标、对象的修正等评论不一而足。然而,以上视角不具有典型性。乔姆斯基《句法结构》一书中所预示的革命实则为语言学之科学性转向。《句法结构》一书中的语言学理论与语法的关系,语法理论构建依托句法而非音位、词素层面构建之缘由,语法理论构建的两个外部标准及一个内部标准,语法理论构建中从马尔可夫有限状态语法到短语结构语法及转换规则语法之证伪等,均体现了语言学理论构建过程中的科学性转向。

The standpoints of Chomsky＇s revolution on Syntactic Structures are varied from the tuming point from the study of linguistics towards the starting point of cognition, to the rectification to the structurists＇ method, goal and subject matter of linguistic theory. However, the above perspectives are not typical in that the essential nature of Chomsky＇s revolution in Syntactic Structures lies in the study of linguistic theory in term of scientific theory construction. In the book, the trend to establish linguistic theory with scientific property is embodied by the following aspects： the relationship between linguistic theory and grammar, the reason why to rely on syntax, rather than phoneme, morpheme to build up grammar, the two external criteria and one internal criteria for grammar building, and the explanation of why Markov Finite Process Grammar was falsified to the necessity of building up Phrase Structure Grammar which was later falsified on some aspects to the essence of Transformational grammar building.