清雍正朝对政治历史观的整饬

On Rectifying Political and Historical Viewpoints During the Qing Yongzheng Dynasty

中国政治历史观中,包括"华夷之分"、"大一统"论、"正统论"等多种理念,成为困扰清初统治者的思想舆论问题。雍正朝开始对政治历史观予以整饬,采取了主动出击的文字狱方式,并多次发布长篇谕旨,亲自对"华夷"、"朋党"、"大一统"等问题予以裁断,震慑一时,其中体现的是君主专制主义的发展,缺乏学理性和系统性,但一些论述如"帝王大一统"论,也具有一定的进步性。雍正朝整饬历史政治观的收效,主要在于高压态势迫使多数学人就范,文字狱以及反对朋党、阐述帝王大一统的理念等等,给后来乾隆帝全面整顿历史观念和史学思想提供了示范。

There were many different political and historical viewpoints such as ＂Hua-Yi Distinction＂, ＂unification＂, ＂orthodox＂, etc., which became the ideological problems perplexing the early Qing rulers. Then Emperor Yongzheng took the initiative to rectify these problems by literary inquisition and issued long imperial edicts adjudicating ＂Hua-Yi＂, ＂cliques＂, and ＂imperial unification＂, which reflected the development of autocracy. Although not theoretical and systemic, some of them, including ＂imperial unification＂, were positive. The effect of Yongzheng＇s rectifying political and historical viewpoints mainly lied in the high pressure that forced most scholars to submit, taking the initiative in literary inquisition, fighting the cliques, ＂imperial unification＂ and so on. These decisions provided a model for Qianlong to rectify the historical viewpoints and historiographic ideas comprehensively.