外商直接投资对农业企业生产效率的影响研究

Research on Effect of FDI on Production Efficiency of Agricultural Enterprises

针对近年来外商直接投资(foreign direct investment,以下简称FDI)急速涌入我国农业类企业的现状,选取了"中国工业企业数据库"中农副食品加工业的企业数据,分析FDI在企业实收资本中所占份额对企业生产效率的影响。本文选取全要素生产率代表生产效率,并用生产函数法进行测算,然后用企业的资本投入、劳动投入、外资份额及其交叉项对全要素生产率进行回归。结果表明:外资份额的系数通过显著性检验且符号为负,说明外资进入对全要素生产率起到抑制作用,今后我国农副食品加工业应注重引进外资的质量和效益。企业资本投入的系数为正数,且通过显著性检验,即资本投入的增加有利于企业生产效率的提高,因此为农副食品加工企业建立良好的融资环境是非常有必要的;劳动投入的估计系数没有通过显著性检验,有可能是该行业的劳动生产率较低,有效劳动的供给较少造成的,可以通过培训等方式提高劳动者素质,共同促进我国农副食品加工企业全要素生产率的提高。

According to FDI （foreign direct investment, hereinafter referred to as FDI ） rushed into China＇s agricultural enterprises in recent years, agricultural and sideline food processing enterprises＇ data from the ＂database of Chinese industrial enterprises＂ were selected, the effect of FDI in the production efficiency of the enterprise was analyzed.The total factor productivity was selected to represent the production efficiency with production function method to calculate,then the capital input,labor input,foreign capital share and the interaction term were employed to regress total factor productivity.The results showed that FDI had significant and negative effect,FDI inhibited the total factor productivity.In the future,China＇ s agricultural and sideline products processing industry should pay attention to the quality and efficiency of FDI.Enterprises＇ capital investment coefficient passed the test of significance with a positive sign,capital input increase was conducive to the improvement of production efficiency. Therefore ,to establish a good financing environment for agricultural and sideline products processing enterprises was very necessary.Labor input＇s coefficients didn＇t pass significant test, and it might be the results of the low industry＇s labor productivity, or the insufficient supply of effective labor. The quality of workers could be improved by training,and the improvement of total factor productivity of China＇s agricultural and sideline products processing enterprises could be jointly promoted.