2011-2013年绵阳市涪城区狂犬病暴露病例流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis of Rabies Exposure Cases in Fucheng District of Mianyang City from 2011 to 2013

目的：通过对2011-2013年绵阳市涪城区狂犬病暴露就诊者进行流行病学分析,以评估预防处置措施实施情况,找出狂犬病防治重点,为狂犬病防治提供依据。方法：根据狂犬病暴露预防处置门诊记录和统计资料,对伤人动物类别及暴露者的性别、年龄、职业、显露时间及部位、级别、伤口处理、疫苗接种情况等相关因素采用描述流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果：狂犬病暴露人群就诊者小于10岁和40~49岁人群为最多,分别占23.00%,18.97%;职业以农民比例最高,占31.73%;3~8月就诊病例最多,占61.61%。伤人动物主要是犬,占90.72%;伤人动物有狂犬病疫苗接种史为23.37%。暴露后3 h到狂犬病暴露门诊就诊者占50.54%,24 h内就诊者占88.80%,48 h内就诊者占94.80%。暴露后伤口规范处理、狂犬病疫苗规范使用率均为100%,但Ⅲ级暴露者狂犬病免疫球蛋白使用率为26.17%。结论：绵阳市涪城区狂犬病暴露人群主要为小于10岁的儿童和青壮年以及农民;3~8月是狂犬病暴露易发生月份;狂犬病暴露后伤口处理、狂犬病疫苗规范使用等预防处置措施实施较好,但Ⅲ级暴露者狂犬病免疫球蛋白使用率较低。伤人动物主要是犬,其狂犬病疫苗接种率极低。

Objective： Through make a epidemiological analysis for rabies exposure patients in Fucheng district of Mianyang city from 2011 to 2013, to evaluate the prevention and disposal measures implementation, find out the focus of rabies prevention and control, provide the basis for the prevention and control of rabies.Method ： Based on records and statistics, descriptive statistics method was adopted to analyze the gender, age, occupational, revealed time and location, level, wound treatment, vaccination, wounding animal categories and other factors.Result： The top two age groups of injured people that went to rabies exposed outpatient clinic were under the age of 10 years old and 40 to 49 age group, which accounted for 23.00%, 18.97%; farmers with the highest proportion in occupational, accounted for 31.73%.Most cases appeared between March and August, which accounted for 61.61%.The animals that injured people were mainly dogs, accounted for 90.72%.23.37% of the dogs that injured people had rabies vaccination irmnunizafion history.50.54% of cases went to outpatient clinic within 3 hours after rabies exposure, 24 hours for medical treatment accounted for 88.80%, 48 hours for medical treatment accounted for 94.80%.The rate of standardized wound treatment and the standard use of rabies vaccine were 100%, but the utilization rate of the rabies immune global（ RIG ） for level Ⅲ exposure cases was 26.17%.Condusion： The rabies exposure population are less than 10 years old children and young adults and the farmers in Fucheng district of Mianyang city; most cases appeared between March and August; wound treatment, specification for rabies vaccine , other prevention and treatment measures are well after rabies exposure, but the utilization rate of RIG for level llI exposure cases is low.The main animal is the dog, the vaccination rate is very low.