高压隔离开关机械故障分析及诊断技术综述

Mechanical Faults Analysis of High Voltage Disconnectors and Review of Diagnosis Technology

高压隔离开关故障频发严重威胁电网安全稳定运行,机械故障是户外隔离开关出现最多的故障类型。分析了支柱瓷绝缘子断裂、操作失灵、锈蚀等隔离开关典型机械故障发生的原因,综述了超声波探伤、振动声学法、红外热像法、应力应变测试、驱动电机电流检测等高压隔离开关机械故障诊断方法的研究现状。采用电阻应变测量技术和驱动电机电流信号分析检测了隔离开关传动或转动机构卡涩故障信号,并对试验结果进行了初步分析。在此基础上,提出了高压隔离开关机械故障综合诊断建议,可为户外变电站高压隔离开关安装调试及运行维护管理提供参考。

Frequent faults of high voltage（HV）disconnectors seriously threaten the safety and stability of power grid. Mechanical faults are the most common failure type of outdoor disconnectors. In this study, the causes of the typical mechanical faults of a disconnector, including rupture of porcelain post insulator, malfunction and corrosion, were analyzed. And the present researches on mechanical fault diagnostic methods of HV disconnectors,such as ultrasonic flaw detection, acoustic vibration technique, infrared thermography, stress-strain measurement,and driving motor current signal detection, were reviewed. Furthermore, sticking faults of transmission or rotating mechanism of a disconnector were detected by resistance strain gauge and motor current signal analysis, and the results were preliminarily analyzed. On this basis, several suggestions about comprehensive mechanical fault diagnosis of HV disconnector were offered to provide reference for installation, debugging, operation and maintenance of HV disconnectors in outdoor substations.