农民工养老保险的参保状态与相关检验

Status of the Insured and Related Inspection of Migrant Workers' Old Age Insurance

从个体层面看,收入水平对农民工参保能力的约束是存在的;受教育程度和务工年限与农民工的参保意愿正相关。从企业的参保行为看,签订劳动合同对企业参保构成强约束,企业规模、所属行业和单位所有制对企业参保构成软约束,大型企业、正规就业集中的行业,国有企事业单位都有较高的农民工参保率,而小型企业、非正规就业集中的行业以及个体私营企业,农民工的参保率明显下降。从制度层面看,农民工和所在企业在养老保险模式的选择上,更倾向于接受"双低模式",其次是"城保模式",最后是"综保模式";同时,制度之间的协调性对于农民工参保同样重要。农民工群体是高度异质性的,不同代际、不同就业流动性的农民工在参保问题上已经出现分化,实行分类分层的农民工养老保险制度十分必要。

From the individual perspective, migrant workers＇ income level constitutes restriction for their insurance capacity, their insurance willingness are positively related with educational level and working years. In the term of enterprises behaviors of participating in pension insurance, signing labor contracts form strong constraint for enterprises participating in pension insurance, firm size, industry and ownership form soft constraint. Large firms, formal employment intensive industries and state-owned enterprises have higher insurance rate of migrant workers, while in small firms, informal employment intensive industries and private enterprises, insurance rate of migrant workers declines significantly. From the system perspective, facing the choice of pension insurance patterns, migrant workers and their enterprises are more inclined to accept the ＂double low pattern＂, followed by ＂urban insurance pattern＂ and ＂comprehensive security pattern＂, and it is equal importance of coordination between systems for migrant workers participating in pension insurance. Groups of migrant workers are highly heterogeneous. Given that migrant workers of different generations and job mobility have diverged on insurance issue, it is necessary to implement the multi-class and hierarchical pension system for migrant workers.