扎龙保护区丹顶鹤秋季迁徙季节行为节律的研究

Behavoiral rhythm research of the Grus japonensis on Zhalong Reserve during the fall-migrating season

采用瞬时扫描取样法观察研究扎龙保护区野生丹顶鹤和散养丹顶鹤秋季迁徙季节日行为节律和时间分配。结果表明,野生丹顶鹤在此期间,觅食行为时间分配显著高于散养丹顶鹤,差异均达极显著;散养丹顶鹤整理行为和其他行为(驱赶、鸣叫)显著高于野生丹顶鹤;成年个体两性间行为时间分配也有一定差异。观察发现,野生丹顶鹤大量觅食,是为长途迁徙储备能量;散养丹顶鹤作为不迁徙种群,整理行为和其他行为的时间分配表现出对保护区环境的适应性。野生和散养丹顶鹤家庭组中个体间行为差异体现丹顶鹤个体在家庭组中地位和职责有所不同。从野生丹顶鹤和散养丹顶鹤在秋季迁徙季节中行为节律观察,建立行为谱,可了解野生丹顶鹤和散养丹顶鹤行为差异,改进人工饲养技术,改善丹顶鹤生存环境,也为完善丹顶鹤行为生态研究提供新资料。

The activity rhythm and the time budget in fall-migrating season of the wild and the semi-captive Grus japonensis were studied by using instantaneous scan method on Zhalong Reserve. The results showed that the time distribution of foraging behaviour of the wild Grus japonensis was more than the semi-captive, the preending and the other behaviour （banishing and screaming） of the semi-captive Grus japonensis were higher than the wild; the time budget of behaviour of male and female adults had some differences. The research was found that the wild cranes had a lot of foraging, was the long distance migration by north to south, reserve energy; the semi-captive, as a not migratory species, time distribution of preening and other behaviours, showed the adaptability to the environment of the reserve. The wild and the semi-captive Grus japonensis behavioural differences between individuals in the family group,which indicated that the status of Grus japonensis in the family group, and bore the responsibility. From the wild and the semi-captive Grus japonensis in the fall-migrating season rhythm observation of behaviour, set up behaviour spectrum, the wild and the semi-captive Grus japonensis behaviour differences, thus, we can improve the technique of artificial breeding and the Grus japonensis survival environment, as well as improve the crane behaviour research to provide new information.