士兵理想问卷的编制和结构分析

Development and Structure analysis of Soldiers' Ideal Questionnaire

目的：士兵的理想不仅关系到其本人的社会化程度和未来发展,也关系到部队战斗力的生成和提高,关系到整个国防建设与发展水平。本研究拟在自编士兵理想问卷的基础上对士兵理想现状进行调查,以期为士兵理想的心理学研究提供工具,并为士兵理想教育提供参考。方法：本研究严格遵循问卷编制的程序,首先形成预测问卷,再探索预测问卷的结构,最后进行正式问卷的结构验证,编制了《士兵理想问卷》,并采取整群分层抽样方式对士兵理想现状进行了调查。结果：士兵理想共包含自我理想、社会理想、道德理想、人际理想、家庭理想、职业理想和生活理想等7个因素,验证性因素分析的拟合指标良好;自编的《士兵理想问卷》具有良好的信度和效度,总问卷同质性信度系数为0.875,7个维度的同质性信度系数在0.726～0.778之间,总分重测信度系数为0.869,而7个维度的重测信度系数则处于0.656～0.801之间。各个维度之间的相关都处于0.295～0.600之间;各维度和总得分之间的相关则位于0.592～0.776之间,表明问卷具有良好的聚合效度;士兵理想总体处于较高的水平,得分由高到低依次为道德理想、家庭理想、人际理想、社会理想、自我理想、职业理想、生活理想。结论：自编的《士兵理想问卷》可以用来作为考察当代军人理想的有效可信的工具。

Objective： To develop soldiers＇ ideal questionnaire and explore structure and current situation of soldiers＇ ideal,in order to provide tool for psychological research of soldiers＇ ideal and basic reference for soldiers＇ ideal education. Methods： This research strictly followed the questionnaire＇s composition program and developed soldiers＇ ideal questionnaire. The prediction questionnaire was firstly developed,then the structure of forecasting questionnaire was explored and the formal questionnaire ＇s structure was verified finally. Soldiers＇ ideal were investigated by means of stratified random sampling. Results： ①Theself- designed contemporary soldiers＇ ideal questionnaire had good reliability and validity,including 7 factors： Ego ideal,social ideal,moral ideal,interpersonal ideal,family ideal,career ideal and life ideal. The fit indicators of confirmatory factor analysis were good. ② The homogeneity reliability coefficient of total questionnaire was 0. 875 and the homogeneity reliability coefficient of 7 dimensions were between 0. 726- 0. 778. The test- retest reliability coefficient of the total score was 0. 869,and the test- retest reliability coefficient of the 7 dimensions was between 0. 656- 0. 801. ③The correlation between each dimension was located 0. 295- 0. 600,and the correlation between each dimension and the total score was located between 0. 592- 0. 776. The formal questionnaire had good convergent validity; ④The levels of their ideal in every dimension from high to low were： moral ideal,family ideal,interpersonal ideal,social ideal,ego ideal,career ideal and life ideal. Conclusion： The compiled soldiers＇ ideal questionnaire can be used as a credible and valid tool for examining contemporary Soldiers＇ Ideal.