基于GHZ态的身份认证与密钥分配方案

Identity Authentication and Key Distribution Scheme Based on GHZ-state

在量子密钥分配协议中存在这样一个基本假设,即攻击者不能同时获得量子信道和经典信道上的信息;为解决这一假设性难题,对量子的纠缠特性进行了研究,提出一种基于GHZ三重态的身份认证与密钥分配方案,该方案在建立一次量子信道后利用GHZ三粒子的关联性实现通信双方与仲裁第三方三者之间的身份认证,然后利用远程传态实现通信密钥分配以及新认证密钥的分配,确保通信方身份不可伪造与通信信息安全,最后结合常见的攻击方式论证了该方案的安全性。

A basic assumption that the attacker can not obtain information of quantum channel and classical channel simultaneously exists in quantum key distribution protocols. To overcome this hypothesis, a scheme using characteristics of quantum entanglements of authentica- tion and key distribution is proposed based on GHZ state. The scheme has realized authentication of the three communicating parties with the help of the three particle correlation of GHZ and came up with the key distribution for communication and authentication by the use of the quantum teleportation after the quantum communication channel is established. So the identity can not be forged and the communication is secure. Finally we have proved the security of the protocol combined with some common attacks.